Development of a method for determining the probability of a decrease in post-vaccination immunity in individuals with herpesvirus load

Abstract

Introduction. The most effective way to combat infectious diseases is to vaccinate the population. Each country develops its own vaccination schedule, which takes into account the specifics of the epidemic situation, the availability of registered vaccines, financial opportunities and other factors. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that vaccines can cause both suppression and activation of individual immune functions, with each vaccine having its own spectrum of effects on the quantitative and functional characteristics of the immune status. There is a need to correct the formation of immunity during vaccination, taking into account factors affecting the intensity of a specific response to vaccine administration. It is proposed to use the principles of individualization of vaccination (revaccination), primarily in high-risk groups, which include people with persistent herpes virus infection. Material & methods. An immunological examination was carried out, including determination of the concentration of cytokines TNFα, IL10, IFNγ, levels of CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 +, levels of subclasses 1 and 3 of specific IgG antibodies, viral load (HVL). The study material was blood in a volume of 3.0-5.0 ml, which was taken from a vein in compliance with the usual rules of asepsis. To determine the concentration of TNFα, IL10, IFNγ cytokines in blood serum, the Vector-Best ELISA test systems were used: Gamma-interferon IFA-BEST, interleukin-10 - IFA-BEST, Alpha-TNF IFA-BEST. Herpesviridae family antigens (Ag) were determined by immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal mouse antibodies from Santa Cruz Biotechnologu, Inc. (USA) and viral load (herpes viral load, HVL). CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + were studied by flow cytometry on a CYTOMICSFC500 (Beckman Coulter, USA) using the MKAT panel (Beckman Coulter, USA). Subclasses of specific IgG antibodies are determined by ELISA in modification. In this case, 96-well panels coated with antigens are used, respectively, according to a commercial kit for the determination of specific IgG antibodies (Euroimmun or Human, Germany). Serum is added at a 1:50 dilution. The conjugate is peroxidase-labeled anti-IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 monoclonal antibodies (“Polygnost”) at a concentration of 1 μg / ml [9]. Calculation formulas for determining the dynamics of the complex integral indicator over time were obtained from the initial data for the determination of the levels of specific vaccination antibodies and complex integral indicator using mathematical modeling of linear and non-linear functions of the exponential distribution. Results & discussion. According to the results of studies, we propose to determine the ratio of such immunological parameters: specific IgG1sp / IgG3sp; immunoregulatory index CD4 / CD8; TNFα / IL10, IFNγ / IL10 ratio and herpes virus load HVL (herpes viral load); Using the formula IgG1sp / IgG3sp * CD4 / CD8 * 0.1 * TNFα / IL10 * 0.01 * IFNγ / IL10 * HVL (c.u.), the complex integral index (CII) is calculated. The probability of a decrease in the post-vaccination immunity of the subject is judged by the change in the complex integral indicator over time (according to the chart). Conclusion. The development of a new method for determining the probability of a decrease in post-vaccination immunity in individuals with herpesvirus load is aimed at increasing the assessment of the body's immunity against controlled infections and helps to decide on the need for revaccination or its delay for a certain period of time, which is calculated individually. The end result is a reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3885230