THE EFFECT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL PARTITIONS ON TEMPERATURE INDICATORS AT OFFICES OF THE OPEN SPACE TYPE

The issue of organizing optimal working conditions with a simultaneous achievement of required indicators of energy saving is one of the most pressing challenges that employers are facing. Man is the main component of any production process and, at the same time, man is a living being spending a part of its life in conditions determined by techno-sphere. Widespread use of office facilities of open space type advances the task of studying this problem and finding ways of its solution. Use of partitions is one of the options of this problem solution. Partitions separate working zones according to their purpose and levels of temperature to be maintained during working hours to meet existing requirements to occupational health management systems at enterprises [1]. Partitions separate working space in a building confined with main walls to smaller working spaces according to their intended purpose (rooms, room sections, etc.). Partitions are not load-bearing construction elements but functional parameters of the building, such as noise and thermal insulation, depend to a large extent on their design. Partitions must be strong and stable and comply with certain sanitary and hygienic requirements. At present, many establishments use offices of open space type. This relates to the new construction technologies (for example, monolithic construction) when minimum main walls are used and with space planning in new office buildings. Open offices are used in many areas of human activities ranging from dwelling to large enterprises like IT companies, call centers, shopping and entertainment centers. STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL PARTITIONS ON TEMPERATURE INDICATORS AT OFFICES OF THE OPEN SPACE TYPE


Introduction
The issue of organizing optimal working conditions with a simultaneous achievement of required indicators of energy saving is one of the most pressing challenges that employers are facing. Man is the main component of any production process and, at the same time, man is a living being spending a part of its life in conditions determined by techno-sphere. Widespread use of office facilities of open space type advanc es the task of studying this problem and finding ways of its solution. Use of partitions is one of the options of this prob lem solution. Partitions separate working zones according to their purpose and levels of temperature to be maintained during working hours to meet existing requirements to occupational health management systems at enterprises [11-Partitions separate working space in a building confined with main walls to smaller working spaces according to their intended purpose (rooms, room sections, etc.). Partitions are not load-bearing construction elements but functional parameters of the building, such as noise and thermal insu lation, depend to a large extent on their design. Partitions must be strong and stable and comply with certain sanitary and hygienic requirements.
At present, many establishments use offices of open space type. This relates to the new construction technologies (for example, monolithic construction) when minimum main walls are used and with space planning in new office buildings.
Open offices are used in many areas of human activities ranging from dwelling to large enterprises like IT com panies, call centers, shopping and entertainment centers. D Eastem-European -.burns! of Entsrpiiss isohnoiogiss loofi io 2 f3--4/ o4 4/'IQ ( Q4 ) £013 That is, the open offices are used when it is necessary to separate a certain space in a large work space for efficient and com fortable work of people.
O ffices of the open space type represent relatively largeor medium-sized premises in which jobs (workplaces) are separated by partitions (2]. Use of partitions in offices of the open spare type is appropriate because in addition to the space separation function, optimal conditions for workers are created [3,4]. The partitions properly selected according to their design and material help to improve working con ditions and, consequently, raise productivity [5] and reduce costs of maintaining the premises.
By their purposes, partitions have a much greater variety than walls [6]. The diverse purpose of partitions extends their types from desktop screens and sliding curtains to building elements that replace inter-room walls. Managers pin their hopes namely on these partitions as building ele ments most of all. They believe that partitions will help them in solving production problems. Besides, partitions can also facilitate maintaining of thermal comfort.
At present, jobs in offices of open space type and use of a variety of partitions are ever growing [7,8]  Analysis of the above-mentioned information sources has shown absence of appropriate classifications and recom mendations in this area of labor organization. Therefore, we believe that the study topic is relevant and resonates with the studies conducted in European countries.

Literature review and problem statement
Partitions can be classified according to various param eters [7,11]: functionality, dimensions, methods of construc tion, types of material, design, etc.
Taking into account the fact that the existing classifica tions are incomplete, we consider that it would be expedient to supplement the existing classifications with the degree of space separation from the adjacent room with the partition in height, namely: -partitions ensuring a 100 % separation from the space of the adjacent room; -partitions ensuring a 75 % to 99 % separation from the space of the adjacent room; -partitions ensuring a 50 % to 74 % separation from the space of the adjacent room; -partitions ensuring less than a 50 % separation from the spac e of the adjacent room.
Not only appearance of the room will depend on the choice of design, size and material of the partition but also microclimate, staff efficiency, durability and cost-effectiveness of the office.
Paper [12] presents results of studies in the field of de velopment of low-impact degree (LID ) technologies th a t satisfy human needs. It was shown th a t the LID technol ogies enable solution of many human problems including environm ental and sim ilar ones. The problems of provid ing therm al comfort are among such human problems but the existing solutions of th is problem are insufficiently effective and difficult to implement. One of the options of th is problem solution is the use of p artitio n s.' Mere installation of partitions w ithout scientific analysis of th eir effectiveness and expediency will be a w aste of time because they will not justify costs (economic, moral, etc.) in th eir future use.
A scientific approach to development of the concept of optimal thermal environment and study of human reaction to its change was proposed in [13]. Issues of open thermal environment was considered, a concept of optimal ther mal environment for active recreation has been developed, behavioral reactions to therm al environment of people differing by their gender, age, types of activity, etc. have been studied. That is, the researchers proved that the state of thermal environment affects the human body at various stages of its activity but they did not offer ways and a mech anism for implementation of this concept in an open thermal environment and indoors.
A more profound analysis of the studies dedicated to therm al environment has been proposed in [14,15] where these issues were ascertained using computer models. When modeling, it is very difficult to take into consideration the human factor and its manifestations in habitation rebuild ing. It is customary for people to change their living envi ronment at their own discretion and this is usually done by means of installing construction partitions. This was not taken into account in modeling, but the results shown prove the necessity of controlling thermal indicators and taking into account variation of their parameters.
Analysis of the results obtained in studying ergonomic factors in premises and working zones was presented in [16]. The authors included working space of the premises to these factors. According to self-assessment of workers, fur niture is the most im portant ergonomic indicator affecting human health and comfort. However, conditions of human comfort are a complex of conditions to which therm al com fort should be included. The issue of m aintaining thermal comfort was considered in [17] where use of personalized heating was studied. A personalized heating system con sisting of heated chair, table and floor was tested on 13 vo lunteers in a climatic chamber at working tem perature of 18 °C. Besides, the entire system has been tested with a fixed setting and automatic control of tem perature indica tors using skin tem perature as a control signal. The study has established th at the complete system significantly im proved therm al comfort and the heated chair turned out to be the most efficient heater. Researchers have pointed out effectiveness of such an approach to a certain category of people but at our discretion, attention should be paid to the fact th at people are quite different in term s of health and constitution, so this option of heating and m aintaining heat balance should be approached very carefully, with certain restrictions.
A study of planning internal conditions relating to both the content of environment and the process of planning the interior space was presented in [18]. Unlike the previous work, this one has considered issues that include building of rooms and effective spatial sequences, planning of effi cient air circulation systems, etc. The above study does not contain scientific justification of choice and application of partitions with taking into consideration influence of the latter on thermal comfort and air circulation. O ther studies were carried out in [19,20], where a general classification was made and influence of partitions on air circulation by means of controlled partitions and walls was elucidated. Importance of conducting studies to find required working space and create ideal workplaces for various tasks was highlighted in [20]. These objectives can only be realized by space limitation with partitions and creating thermal comfort in the workplace.
The above suggests that the study of partitions made of various materials and having various heights for creation of thermal comfort in a working zone in an office of open space type is reasonable and substantiated.
We are sure that this problem cannot be solved without the use of partitions. r Proceeding from the above, creation of therm al com fort indoors is one of the main indicators used by spe cialists in choosing partitions. P artitions should be envi ronmentally friendly, comfortable and mobile in use. The most popular materials used for m anufacture of partitions: polyurethane foam, polystyrene, wood, aerated concrete, glass, expanded clay plates. It is suggested to study p a rti tions made of polystyrene, glass and expanded clay panels in an experiment of creation of therm al comfort in offices of the open space type.

H ______ 3. The aim and objectives of the study_________
I This study objective was to ascertain dependence of I meteorological factors in offices of open space type on the I material and height of partitions.
To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: ■ -t o investigate dependence of temperature in work rooms of open space type on the type of partition material and the degree of room isolation (the working zone); H -to analyze a possibility of reducing room heating w ith out personnel by means of local heating just those rooms or I working zones where people are present by means of separa tion of such zones with partitions; ■~ to assess influence of partitions on blocking light flows I from windows; ■ -t o assess influence of a 100 % separation of rooms in I height on room ventilation.

2. Procedure of measurement of microclimate pa rameters
Air temperature was measured by means of mercury and alcohol thermometers at several points of the room and then average temperature was calculated.
Outdoor air velocity was measured with a cup anemometer. Initial readings of the instrument were taken in all scales and then the anemometer was placed in an air flow at a distance of 1.5 m from the ground and switched on simultaneously with the stopwatch. After 60 seconds, it was switched off and readings were taken from the anemometer scales. Measurement was re peated 3 times and a mean value was determined.
Atmospheric pressure was measured by an aneroid ba rometer throughout the room.
Relative humidity was measured by August's psychrometer. W et and dry thermometer readings were taken and relative air humidity was determined by means of the nomo gram for readings of static August's psychrometer.
Classic procedure of measuring microclimate parameters was used in the studies. Fig. 1 shows a layout of rooms and mea surement points (1-10) in the premises and wind direction (W).  Description of measurement points: Point 1. The room (zone) had a building wall on one side (90 % window glass), partitions of glass pipes (100 % sepa ration in height) on both sides and a main building wall on one side. Point 2. The room (zone) had a building wall on one side (90 % window glass), partitions of glass pipes on three sides (100 % separation in height).
Point 3. The room (zone) had building walls (90 % win dow glass) on two sides and partitions of glass pipes (100 % separation in height) on two sides.
Point 4. The room (zone) had a building wall on one side (90 % window glass), a partition of glass pipes (100 % sep aration in height) on the second side, a partition of ceramic panels (75+25 % separation in height) on the third side and a partition of ceramic panels (100 % separation in height) on the fourth side.
Point 5. The room (zone) had a building wall (90 % window glass) on one side, a partitio n of ceramic panels (75+25 % separation in height) on the second side and p artitions of ceramic panels (100 % separation in height) on two sides. Point 6. The room (zone) had a building wall (90 % win dow glass) on one side, a partition of ceramic panels (100 % separation in height) on the second side and extension of this partition of ceramic panels (5 % separation in height) at a certain distance and capital building walls at the third and fourth sides.
Point 7. The room (zone) had a main wall of the building on one side, a partition of ceramic panels (75 % separation in height) on the second side and partitions of glass pipes (75 % separation in height) on the third and the fourth sides.
Point 8. The room (zone) had a main wall of the building on one side, a partition of ce ramic panels (100 % separation in height) on the second side and partitions of glass pipes (50 % and 75 % separation in height) on the third and the fourth sides.
Point 9. The entrance to the building (zone) had a main wall of the building (with an entrance door) on one side, a partition of ceramic panels (100 % separation in height) on the other side and partitions of glass pipes (100 % separation in height) on the third and the fourth sides.
Point 10. The passage (zone) had a parti tion of ceramic panels (100 % separation in height) on one side, a partition of ceramic pan els (100 % separation in height) on the second side and partitions of glass pipes (50 % and 75 % separation in height) on the third and the fourth sides.
In the course of the experiment, it was necessary to ascertain influence of partitions of various heights on temperature indicators of various zones of the premises.
Temperature gradient was determined to establish effect of therm al conductivity of partitions on temperature indicators in the premises. It was determined as the differ ence between average tem perature on one side of partition and average temperature on the other side measured at five points (along perimeter of the premises (zone) at a distance of 1 m from walls and partitions (4 points) and in (one point of measurement) at a height of 1 m surface.
The study area had to tal area of 200.18 m2 stallation of partitions. The height of walls was accordance w ith the tasks put forward by necessary to m aintain working process and the highly skilled staff and service personnel in In addition, it was necessary to place scientific nical literature, laboratory and office equipment age. M anagers of the subdivision to which this was allocated had a lim ited choice of partition and term s of p artitio n installation. By that time, ing to san itary norms, working area for one was 4.5 m2 and no computers were available, side illum ination and north-w estern orientation. The area of windows was almost area of side walls. D istance between windows A ir conditioner was installed in only one very (Fig. 1, point 3). In the course of experiments tioner was not switched on. At present, the conditioning system is not working in the ventilation is organized by manual opening the top of windows. There was a parquet floor, ed w ith a w ater-based light-green paint. Internal the building separated one office of open space another. They did not affect the study in any area of windows occupied 90 percent of the and n orthern walls. The southern and had no windows. Fig. 2 shows photographs of rooms with the under study.  The materials were chosen based on recommendations of specialists and according to the table of thermal conduc tivity of building materials which is given in [21]. Partitions of ceramic panels were two-layered and mounted in a metal frame. Partitions of expanded polystyrene were single-lay ered and modeled depending on the tasks, separation in height (75 %+25 %). Partitions of glass pipes were mounted in a metal frame with rubber gaskets between them.

Definition of partition
There is a formula for calculating energy costs on heating the premises, Qt (kW /h) [22]: where S is the floor area of the premises, m2; K1 is the coef ficient of heat loss through windows with values of 0.85, 1, 1.27 varied depending on quality of the windows used and their insulation; K2 is the amount of heat loss through walls. Depending on the wall insulation (1.27 for poor insulation, 1 for average insulation (with the use of special warmth-keep ing materials), 0.854 for a high level of thermal insulation); K3 is the indicator determining the window to floor area ratio: K3=1.2 at the ratio of 50 %; K 3= l.l at the ratio of 40 %; K3=l .0 at the ratio of 30 %, K3=0.9 at the ratio of 20 %, K3=0.8 at the ratio of 10 %; K4 is the coefficient depending on the outdoor temperature: when /ont=35 "C, K4 is taken 1. and height of 4.0 m will be cut almost in 30 times at all other indicators being similar at a local ized working area of 6 m2 per person. This also applies to the use of air conditioners whose power is calculated according to the room floor area and volume. It is clear that there will be different values in each case but undoubt edly the heating costs will be reduced. Due to partitions, it is possible to change space in rooms and create comfortable working conditions that determine work quality and people's health. But this raises a question: what is a partition? A movable shield, stand or guide frame in subway are essentially partitions as well. Therefore, it is suggested that only build ing structures (screens, panels, etc.) that begin from the floor surface and cover not less than 50 % of the room height can be named partitions that localize working zones in premises. Partitions should not have permanent openings, except doors.

2. The study of temperature indicators in the ab sence of heating during the cold period of the year (ex periment i)
Indicators of meteorological conditions indoors in ab sence o f heating largely depend on natural meteorological parameters in the area where the study was being conducted, namely at the time of this study (8 November, 2017, city of Kharkiv). In parallel with the microclimate study inside the building, meteorological parameters were measured outside the building (point 0, Fig. 1). The measurement results were as follows: -tem p eratu re: 11 °C; -speed of air near the building: 2 m/s; -wind direction: eastern. Windows in the rooms under study were oriented to northwest. Atmospheric pressure: 993, air humidity: 65 %.
The building was constructed in the 1980s. According to the project, temperature parameters should have been regulat ed by general air conditioning for entire building. However, a year later, the air conditioner was disconnected and then dis mantled. Holes have been made for ventilation in all rooms. The area of windows reaches almost 80 -9 0 % the total wall surface area of the building. All distances between windows were actually concrete columns covered with plastic. Multiple slots and a large area of window glass led to a significant dependence of inside temperature changes on the state of temperature and direction of air outside the building. Therefore, there is heat and stuffiness in the summer and cold in the winter in correspon dence with temperature outside the building.
Measurements were made in real time. Regarding the weather service information, they vary significantly over the city and in time. The meteorological service divides tem perature data for night and day. The measurements in this study were made at noon.
As a result of the studies, temperature indicators were obtained which were further processed using the Microsoft Excel software (Fig. 4). Fig. 1 shows directions of cold air entering the rooms. Average tem perature throughout the premises was 15.99 °C. The level of temperature deviation from the aver age value in the rooms under study formed by the partitions is shown in the diagram of Fig. 5.
It should be noted that the temperature gradients rela tive to the average value varied significantly in the working zones of these premises. 0.33 0,33

3. Study of temperature parameters of the room heated in a cold season (experiment 2)
Indicators of meteorological conditions inside the build ing, when premises are heated depend on temperature of heat carriers and natural meteorological parameters in the area where the study was conducted, precisely at the time of the experiment (6 December, 2017, city of Kharkiv). Me teorological parameters were measured outside the building (point 0, Fig. 1). Experiment results are as follows: tem perature: 0 °С; speed of air near the building: 4.6 m/s; wind direction: eastward.
Windows in the studied premises were oriented to north west. Atmospheric pressure: 869 hPa, air humidity: 72 %. Temperature of the heater surface: 30 °С. Fig. 1 shows locations of rooms and measurement points (Nos. 1-10) in the building and wind direction ( W).
As a result of experiment 2, data were obtained on tem perature distribution in heated rooms. These data were pro cessed using Microsoft Excel software (Fig. 6). Based on the results obtained, we can draw a preliminary conclusion that the highest temperature was in the work ing zone 1 and the lowest temperature was in the working zone 4. Temperature gradients between maximum and mini mum values were about 2.5 °C.
W hen analyzing the installed partitions and sizes of the zones formed by them, it follows that: -zone 1 had the smallest area of all zones (8 m2), parti tions were made of ceramic panels (2 layers) and, in accor dance with the above size classification, partitions separate the zone by 100 % from another room space; -zone 4 area was sim ilar to the area of rooms 5 and 6, partitions of zone 4 were installed on two sides and sep arated the space by 100 % in height and side by 75 % of height on the th ird side. M aterial of partitions was the same as in zone 1 (ceramic panels) and the open p art of the partition (25 % of height) reached zones 9 and 10. These zones had partitions th a t separated 50 % from the other room space and there was a constant movement of personnel in these zones.
Zones 7 and 8 were separated from each other and from zones 10 and 6 by a partition of 50 % the room height (parti tion material: 2 layers of ceramic panels) and from zone 10 by a partition made from glass pipes by 50 % the room height.
Partitions separating 50 % the room height were used to improve ventilation because there are no windows in zones 8 and 7. Based on the results obtained and shown in Fig. 6, 7, it is possible to draw a preliminary conclusion: the highest temperature was in the working zones 1 and 6 and the lowest temperature was in the working zones 7, 8 and 10.
From an analysis of the installed partitions and sizes of these zones, it turns out that: -Zone 6 had the largest area of all zones, 62.35 m2. Par titions were made of ceramic panels (two layers) and, accord ing to the above classification by sizes, partitions separated the zone by 100 % from another space of the room from three sides. Heaters were installed along windows (parameters of the working zone 1 are given above).
D Ecology -Zones 7 and 8 were mentioned above for the case of absence of heating as zones with lower temperature. Zone 10 was added to them. These zones had partitions th at sepa rated them up to 50 % in height from another room spaces and there was a constant movement of personnel around these zones.
Concerning zones 3 and 5, it can be noted th at in absence of heating, temperature distribution was more pronounced than in the case of heating, a certain role was played by the installed partitions. Difference between maximum and min imum temperatures was 2.0 °C when there was total heating.
It is necessary to pay attention to zones 2 and 4 which had indicators below average in presence of heating.
Experiment 3 was carried out additionally with a local heater added. Temperature on one side of partitions of dif ferent heights was raised (simulating local heating of the workplace). Data were obtained on tem perature difference at opposite sides of partitions when local heating was used. Fig. 8 shows dependence of the tem perature gradient at workplaces separated by partitions of different heights in experiments 1, 2 and 3. matical equations of the second and first order with a suffi ciently high probability. Such results characterize uniform temperature distribution in a room with slight temperature fluctuations in individual zones. Formula (4) obtained as a result of experiment 3 with local artificial heating of a sepa rate zone has a completely different character which differs by an order from the previous two experiments and has a mathematical equation of the third order. Such mathemati cal dependence characterizes rapid temperature rise and can be used in future for automatic control of thermal comfort by means of a processor or computer in accordance with requirements of working conditions specified by labor hy giene standards. Thus, with the help of programmable heat devices, one can create a system that will m aintain necessary levels of thermal comfort in the workplace. Disadvantages of such heating include a very rapid temperature drop with switched off the heating sources. The rate of temperature drop depends on temperature difference between the two sides of partition. At a difference of up to 10 °C, temperature drop is 0.7-1.0 "C (depending on the partition material) in 300 seconds (in the cold period of the year). The results of these experiments were processed in Word Excel software by statistical methods. The resulting mathe matical dependences correspond to trend lines (Fig. 8). Experiment 1 is described by polynomial mathematical dependence with probability R2=0.9998: y=0.175x2-0.205x+0.025.
(3) Experiment 3 is described by a polynomial mathematical dependence with probability R2= l.

(4)
As can be seen from Fig. 8, the greater the degree of separation by partitions, the greater difference between tem peratures as a result of more effective use of local creation of optimal microclimate conditions. Experiments 1 and 2 are described by formulas (2), (3) which correspond to mathe-

6.
Discussion of results obtained in the study of temperature distribution in premises of the open space ________________________ Partitions It can be seen from the study results that when the de gree of room space separation is not high (<50 %) tempera ture difference is also present, so local heating would also be effective, albeit not as much as with a greater degree of room space separation w ith partitions.
It is advisable to separate zones in large rooms in which people work and, consequently, create microclimate parame ters in these zones in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. When there are no workplaces, requirements imposed by technical regulations for equipment operation should be met.
It is also advisable to organize local cooling, heating and ventilation of workplaces taking into account optimal con sumption of energy carriers. For this purpose, special parti tions can be used which have built-in equipment of certain types but the cost of such partitions increases.
It is recommended to use partitions in a general working space proceeding from creation of an optimal psychological microclimate and increase in labour productivity.
Ventilation Ventilation should be provided in any room where peo ple work. Types of ventilation are selected depending on requirements for the work process. W hen partitions are used th at limit air flow and, accordingly, limit operation of the ventilation system, it is imperative to take into account this impact on the overall microclimate and air exchange rates in the separated zones. Therefore, the ventilation system in separated zones must necessarily have sanitary and hygienic parameters according to normative documents.
If this cannot be achieved, then such separated zones should be provided with a ventilation system or an air-con ditioning system (for example, a split system). In the rooms separated to a certain degree, it is necessary to take into account formation of stagnant zones which is very dangerous if there is a probability of occurrence of gases heavier than oxygen and nitrogen (combustion products, methane, etc.).

D
The performed studies have shown im portance of choosing partitions based on the degree of room space sep aration and location w ith an account of windows and ven tilation systems. It has been studied and shown how it is possible to change tem perature conditions in office rooms by locating certain zones where people work w ith m ain taining regulatory requirem ents to working conditions. The use of partitions has enabled m aintaining of stable tem perature indicators in a certain zone while tem pera tu re was significantly lower in other p a rt of the room com pared to normative tem perature. This became achievable due to combination of to tal heating of the premises (which was inadequate) and an additional use of heating panels. Use of heating panels in the entire open space of the office is impossible because their to tal capacity is such th a t the electric network cannot stand and they shut down. At the same time, heating of local zones separated by partitions is possible and effective.
The study shortcomings include the fact th at it was nec essary to switch off all heaters and monitor observance of indoor conditions necessary for the study. It was necessary that the rooms were exposed to surrounding conditions (for 3 -4 hours) to establish a temperature equilibrium through out the office. At the same time, workers continued to work in unacceptable temperature conditions.
The study results can be used in premises of open space type. A possibility was considered as for creation of new types of partitions that will not only store and maintain temperature parameters but also perform other functions, for example, clean air from impurities, saturate with negative ions, and so on.
The study may be continued to explore other properties of partitions, such as absorbing and reducing noise in offices of open space type. The potential line of this study will be related to noise-absorbing properties of various materials from which the partitions are made, their shape, frequency characteristics, sound levels and others.

Conclusions
1. It was established th at tem perature indicators in workrooms of open space type depend on the type of par titions and the extent of their separation of rooms (work ing zones). Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable selection of partitions depending on labor categories and functional purpose. If there are temperature deviations in a room exceeding 2 -3 °C from the permissible temperature established by hygienic standards, it is necessary to install partitions in order to bring temperature to a standardized value. The best thermal effect is obtained at a 100 % separa tion of one working zone from another by means of partition installation.
2. In order to efficiently and rationally use energy carri ers, heating of premises without staff can be reduced while locally heating just those rooms where people work or heat ing individual workplaces with separation of these zones w ith partitions. In this case, the room separation in height should be 75-100 %.
3. It is advisable to take into account separation of the window light openings with partitions and therefore window separation should be realized by means of partitions made of transparent material.
4. When partitions separate rooms by 100 % in height, it is necessary to provide ventilation openings or install an air conditioner (the split system) based on calculations of prem ises ventilation in order to obtain meteorological parameters corresponding to the work performed.