EXPLORING A POSSIBILITY TO CONTROL THE STRESSED STRAINED STATE OF CYLINDER LINERS IN DIESEL ENGINES BY THE TRIBOTECHNOLOGY OF ALIGNMENT (p. 6-16)

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Our research into the formation of a functional copper-containing surface layer on parts of automobile engines by using an alignment tribotechnology has established a decrease in the wear of parts during their operation. It was found that the formed coating creates an elastic layer that reduces strains in a material of engine parts. Our experimental study of the coercive force of parts' working surfaces has confirmed a decrease in the accumulation of destructive stresses in the near-surface layers of a components' material. In turn, a comparative analysis of the obtained results by using a coercimetric method confirms that the proposed aligning tribotechnology leads to reduction of the stressed-strained state and makes it possible to improve wear resistance and enhance the technical condition of diesel engine cylinder liners: the magnitude of coercive force reduces by 7.5 %, while operating time increases by 16 %. In this case, at larger operating time: 254.8 thousand km against 220.5 thousand km, according to data on the coercive force (14.2…9.1) A/cm and (13.2…9.0) А/cm, it is almost in the same condition.
The functional surface layer forms when introducing a composite oil to the tribotechnology of cold alignment of an automobile powertrain. We have proposed and implemented a circuit to connect electric current to components at an engine's cylinder-piston group as a result of studying the developed tribotechnology of alignment. The features of this scheme are that the constant electric current is supplied by the plus polarity, through the brush-collector node, to the crankshaft, and by the minus polarity, through the clamping contact, to the crankcase block.
The research results suggest a possibility to control the internal strains and the subsequent magnitude of wear in a material of working heavily-loaded components of automobile powertrains provided international cargo delivery system. Communication -Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 21 (2), 3 We have developed a comprehensive technology to strengthen printing cylinders by forming a regular microrelief at the surface followed by chromium-plating.
Our research into the influence of comprehensive machining of a printing cylinder on the quality of printed products has established the mechanism for obtaining high quality parameters for the working surface of printing cylinders. Application of vibratory tool with a radius of R=2 mm, at effort P=550 N, the surface roughness amounted to the arithmetic mean deviation Ra 0.63 µm, which is 7.6 times lower than that without applying the surface-plastic deformation. A comprehensive machining of a printing cylinder includes a combination of the vibration knurling with the formation of the all-new regular microrelief followed by chromium-plating. Vibration knurling was performed at a tool indentation effort of 50-600 N; a spindle rotation frequency of 25-2,000 rpm; a deformative tool eccentricity of 0.2-1.0 mm; a deformative tool frequency of oscillations of 1,000-2,000 double step per minutes; a deformative tool feed of 0.08-12.5 mm/rev. The chromium-plating involved the electrolyte CrO 3 ≈290 g/l and H 2 SO 4 ≈3 g/l; the electrolyte temperature was 57 °C; duration of chromium was 20 min; a current density was 80 A/dm 2 , time activation was 20 s. As a result of this, it became possible to obtain the developed surface of the cylinder with high operational characteristics. Our experimental research has confirmed that the machining modes significantly change surface roughness, hardness, and microhardness. This reinforces the surface strengthening of the printing cylinder. In particular, it was found that the integrated technology contributed to a 1.2-1.6-time increase in hardness compared to the base metal hardness, and a 2.7-3.3-time increase compared with chromium-plated surface. That makes it possible to argue on that the revealed formation mechanism matches the predefined properties.
Thus, there is reason to assert that it is possible to prolong the service life of printing cylinders, to ensure stable operation of the equipment, to improve the quality of printed products owing to the application of the integrated technology followed by chromium-plating.
Keywords: surface-plastic deformation, chromium-plating, microrelief, surface roughness, durometric surface properties, printing cylinder. effect of exothermic reaction among its components. Increasing the rate of heating from 150 to 600 °C makes it possible to improve the hardness and crack resistance of the dense material by, respectively, 1.0 GPa and 1.5MPa•m 1/2 . It was revealed that the structure of the dense material, newly formed during HP(Hot pressing) of the mixture Cr 2 O 3 -15AlN nano, is of the dispersed-strengthened type: the matrix phase from a solid solution of variable composition from the composition (Cr 1-x -Al x ) 2 О 3 (0<x<0.4) and the dispersed, stochastically distributed within it, Cr 2 N inclusions the size of up to 2 µm that are alloyed with Al to 1.8 %. We have identified separate large inclusions the size of 10-40 µm of the structure, similar to the basic structure, but with the matrix phase of solid solution of the composition (Cr 1-x -Al x ) 2 О 3 (0.5<x<0.9). The fracture toughness of the material, obtained in the course of research, is 1.5 times larger, while the hardness is 1.2 GPa less, than similar characteristics for the most common ceramics of the "mixed" type based on Al 2 O 3 -ТіС.
The method for treating non-alloy steel and cast irons by forming thin-film coatings of ternary alloys of iron and cobalt with molybdenum and tungsten is proposed. It is shown that the incorporation of refractory metals up to 37 at. % into the surface layer leads to a change in the phase structure of the coating. This is found to provide an increase in wear resistance by 40 %, microhardness by 2.5-3.5 times, as well as a decrease in friction coefficient by 3-4 times in comparison with the substrate material. The resulting materials can be used for hardening and protection of surfaces in various industries.
To modify the surface of piston silumins, it is proposed to use the method of plasma electrolytic oxidizing with the formation of ceramic-like coatings. It is shown that in the galvanostatic mode, from alkaline electrolyte solutions containing manganese and cobalt salts, it is possible to obtain uniform, dense, highly adhesive to the base metal, oxide coatings, doped with catalytic components whose content varies within 25-35 at. %. It is shown that the morphology and phase structure of the surface layers changes with the incorporation of dopant metals. The formed coatings have a high degree of surface development, which is a prerequisite for enhancing their functional properties. The proposed approach is used to modify the surface of the KamAZ-740 piston. It is found that the use of ceramiclike coatings of the engine piston leads to a decrease in hourly fuel consumption and amount of toxic substances with exhaust gases, which makes them promising for use in in-cylinder catalysis.
Keywords: surface treatment, electrochemical coating, functional properties, repair. All films deposited in the presence of aluminum had lower switching, especially bleaching, speed in comparison to the undoped reference sample.
Morphology study of the prepared films revealed that the latter differs little. The film deposited in the presence of 0.138 mM Al(NO 3 ) 3 had spherical formations on its surface. It was also found that the morphology of the substrate, which was glass coated with SnO 2 :F, differed significantly from the morphology of the films deposited with and without the dopant.
The film deposited from the solution of 0.01 M Ni(NO 3 ) 2 and 0.138 mМ Al(NO 3 ) 3 was confirmed to contain aluminum. The mass ratio of aluminum to nickel in the Ni-Al-138 film varied between 1:10.23 and 1:6.44.