DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING INDUSTRIAL ENERGY STORAGE UNITS PLACEMENT IN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS ON THE BASIS OF IDEAL CURRENT DISTRIBUTION (р. 6–16)

processes over long periods. This contributes to the formation of sound design decisions on the connection of IESU to distribution networks. operation. The selection of criteria for choosing the parameters of electrothermal protection of solar panels in the power installations of spacecraft has been substantiated: ensuring the smooth operation of solar panels; availability of service in emergencies; the life cycle of solar panels; the cost of solar panels; technical safety; mass-size indicators. It is argued that the chosen optimal alternative “Solar panels with protection on the basis of self-resetting fuses” could prolong the active life cycle and, as a result, reduce the number of repairs (cur-rent and overhaul) of solar panels in space activities. Owing to the use of this option, positive results could be achieved such an increase in the active life cycle by 20 %, as well as an increase in technical safety by 24 %. this paper intelligent controller based on deep learning proposed to control the light at the street from sunset to sunrise, the system will decrease the light used to illuminate the streets in the absence of movements, the network trained based on deep learning with several image of different objects to help the system detecting any moving objects in the street to provide the street with the exact amount of light needed in order to reduce the waste of electrical energy resulting from street lighting and to help reduce accidents hence high percentage of criminal activity and life threatening conditions occur in the absence of light. The system was trained with a vast and diverse dataset to assure the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system, the trained system showed a result of 90 precision of detecting moving objects, the proposed system was tested with a new dataset to assure the reliability and dependency of the system and reducing the errors to the minimum, the system shows promising results in detecting movements and objects, after the detec-tion being complete, the system will send a pulse width modulation causing a 20 % light dimming, leading to enormous reduction in the power consumption, adding to that the proposed system is easy to use. coal seams and burial) from industrial waste should not harm the environment, which requires certain economic investments. For crushing coal and coal sludge in the crushing and grinding unit, an electrohydroimpulse device for fine grinding of materials was used, consisting of a control unit with a protection system, a pulse capacitor and a high-voltage generator (capacitor bank capacity 0.75 µF, pulse discharge voltage 15–30 kV, length of the interelectrode distance 7–10 mm). After grinding, fine coal particles rise to the surface of the water, and impurities settle at the bottom of the device, which allows enriching the product (flotation). Surface structures and coal fraction sizes were obtained using a Tescan Mira 3 scanning electron microscope. The main characteristics of coal-water fuel during vortex combustion were: the diameter of the fraction 0–250 microns – 63–74 %, process water – 36–24 %, special additive – 1–2 %. Coal-water fuel is similar to liquid fuel, and when transferring heat-generating plants to combustion of suspension, no significant changes in the design of boilers (units) are required. This makes it easy to mechanize and automate the processes of receiving, feeding and burning fuel, and the vortex combustion technology at a temperature of 950–1050 °C guarantees fuel efficiency of more than 97 %. The given optimal parameters of electrohydroimpulse technology when introduced into production will allow not only grinding, but also enriching the coal product. increase in the pressure of working body by 2.0 times contributes to an increase in the mechanical efficiency of the rotary piston engine by 1.1 times. At the same time, it was determined that the rational speed range, which corresponds to the maximum values of the mechanical coefficient of efficiency, regard-less of the pressure of working medium, is 800...1200 min –1. The resulting experimental data on studying the magnitude of the power of mechanical losses in the form of an analytical model of the influence of the main operational parameters of the rotary-piston engine with an articulated-cam mechanism for converting movement into a mechanical coefficient of efficiency have been generalized. The results reported here could make it possible to preliminary assess losses at energy conversion at the design stage and to con-struct a rotary piston engine for different purposes.

grid. IET Conference Publications. doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/ The object of this study is the process of integrating industrial energy storage units (IESU) into distribution electrical networks. Their connection helps reduce peak loads on the elements of networks and improve the quality of voltage. However, determining the optimal IESU capacities and their places of connection to networks is associated with objective difficulties. It is necessary to apply comprehensive optimality criteria and take into consideration active restrictions. In addition, the trends in the development of distribution networks and pricing in the energy market are partially undefined. The current study proposes the formalization of the problem of optimizing the placement of IESU in distribution networks and reports a new method to solve it. Its application contributes to a reasonable definition of the volume of investments in the development of IESU, taking into consideration technical restrictions on the part of distribution networks. To solve the problem of multifactorial optimization of the energy storage system, the decomposition and method of ideal current distribution (for electricity losses) were applied. It is shown that this problem can be reduced to an iterative calculation of current distribution in the substitution circuit of power grids with active resistances. And, to take into consideration economic factors, a technique to determine and adjust fictitious resistances was devised. An optimization algorithm has been proposed that ensures a decrease in the number of computing operations and an increase in the reliability of obtaining an optimal solution. Its application makes it possible to take into consideration the dynamics of pricing, consumption, and electricity generation processes over long periods. This contributes to the formation of sound design decisions on the connection of IESU to distribution networks.
Keywords: energy storage system, distribution electrical network, optimization, losses, quality of electricity. 3/8 ( 117 ) 2022 operation. The selection of criteria for choosing the parameters of electrothermal protection of solar panels in the power installations of spacecraft has been substantiated: ensuring the smooth operation of solar panels; availability of service in emergencies; the life cycle of solar panels; the cost of solar panels; technical safety; mass-size indicators.
It is argued that the chosen optimal alternative "Solar panels with protection on the basis of self-resetting fuses" could prolong the active life cycle and, as a result, reduce the number of repairs (current and overhaul) of solar panels in space activities. Owing to the use of this option, positive results could be achieved such an increase in the active life cycle by 20 %, as well as an increase in technical safety by 24 %.
Keywords: solar butterfly, electrothermal protection, posistor polymer nanocomposite, dark current, efficiency of switching elements. Igor Gomilko Noosphere Engineering School, Dnipro, Ukraine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-9771 A relevant scientific-practical issue related to the sustainable development of outer space is the selection of optimal parameters of solar panels for the uninterrupted supply of energy in the power plants of spacecraft. It has been determined that advancing energyefficient technologies is a prerequisite for ensuring stable space activities. The decision-making process regarding the choice of alternative options for ensuring the electrothermal protection of solar panels in the power plants of spacecraft occurs under the conditions of uncertainty and various risks.

References
A methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of options for building electrothermal protection systems for solar panels in the power plants of spacecraft has been devised. The hierarchical structure of the problem about approving of the choice of electrothermal protection of solar panels has been constructed on the basis of the method of analytical hierarchical process, which makes it possible to derive a set of optimal options. Five alternative options for electrothermal protection of solar panels have been chosen, which, unlike existing ones, take into consideration the phases of the life cycle, namely, the period of active DOI: 10 Street lighting is very important now-days especially at dangerous areas and highways but it consume a lot of power and it became challenging for many researchers in the past few years. Enormous efforts have been placed on the issue of reducing power consumption in illuminating cities and streets, researchers had various approaches and methods in tackling this challenging matter, till now there is no ideal system that has been developed to reduce the electricity usage. In this paper intelligent controller based on deep learning proposed to control the light at the street from sunset to sunrise, the system will decrease the light used to illuminate the streets in the absence of movements, the network trained based on deep learning with several image of different objects to help the system detecting any moving objects in the street to provide the street with the exact amount of light needed in order to reduce the waste of electrical energy resulting from street lighting and to help reduce accidents hence high percentage of criminal activity and life threatening conditions occur in the absence of light. The system was trained with a vast and diverse dataset to assure the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system, the trained system showed a result of 90 precision of detecting moving objects, the proposed system was tested with a new dataset to assure the reliability and dependency of the system and reducing the errors to the minimum, the system shows promising results in detecting movements and objects, after the detection being complete, the system will send a pulse width modulation causing a 20 % light dimming, leading to enormous reduction in the power consumption, adding to that the proposed system is easy to use.
Keywords: street lighting, object detection, intelligent controller, deep learning, power consumption. This paper reports an experimental study into the magnitude of the power of mechanical losses of the prototype of a rotary-piston engine with an articulated cam mechanism for transforming movement, which was aimed at resolving the issue related to improving the efficiency of energy conversion.
It has been experimentally established that the greatest component of the power of mechanical losses in a rotary-piston engine with an articulated cam motion transformation mechanism is friction losses. Depending on the rotational speed, they are about 68.4...74.4 % of total losses.
The influence of the rotor rotation frequency on the total change in the power of mechanical losses and its components has been determined (an increase in the rotations by 3.75 times leads Zhytomyr State Technological University. Series: Engineering, 2 (82), The object of the study is coal sludge and coal fines of the Shubarkol deposit and the Kuznetsk coal basin (Republic of Kazakhstan) for the production of coal-water fuel, which allows replacing liquid and gaseous expensive products. The resulting fuel (after treatment of coal seams and burial) from industrial waste should not harm the environment, which requires certain economic investments. For crushing coal and coal sludge in the crushing and grinding unit, an electrohydroimpulse device for fine grinding of materials was used, consisting of a control unit with a protection system, a pulse capacitor and a high-voltage generator (capacitor bank capacity 0.75 µF, pulse discharge voltage 15-30 kV, length of the interelectrode distance 7-10 mm). After grinding, fine coal particles rise to the surface of the water, and impurities settle at the bottom of the device, which allows enriching the product (flotation). Surface structures and coal fraction sizes were obtained using a Tescan Mira 3 scanning electron microscope. The main characteristics of coal-water fuel during vortex combustion were: the diameter of the fraction 0-250 microns -63-74 %, process water -36-24 %, special additive -1-2 %. Coal-water fuel is similar to liquid fuel, and when transferring heat-generating plants to combustion of suspension, no significant changes in the design of boilers (units) are required. This makes it easy to mechanize and automate the processes of receiving, feeding and burning fuel, and the vortex combustion technology at a temperature of 950-1050 °C guarantees fuel efficiency of more than 97 %. The given optimal parameters of electrohydroimpulse technology when introduced into production will allow not only grinding, but also enriching the coal product.
to an increase in the power of mechanical losses by 3.3 times). It is established that the rotation frequency of the rotor does not have the same effect on the power components of mechanical losses. Thus, an increase in the rotations by 3.75 times leads to an increase in friction losses by 3.0 times, and the component of losses on pumping strokes by 4.1 times.
It was found that an increase in the pressure of working body by 2.0 times contributes to an increase in the mechanical efficiency of the rotary piston engine by 1.1 times. At the same time, it was determined that the rational speed range, which corresponds to the maximum values of the mechanical coefficient of efficiency, regardless of the pressure of working medium, is 800...1200 min -1.
The resulting experimental data on studying the magnitude of the power of mechanical losses in the form of an analytical model of the influence of the main operational parameters of the rotary-piston engine with an articulated-cam mechanism for converting movement into a mechanical coefficient of efficiency have been generalized.
The results reported here could make it possible to preliminary assess losses at energy conversion at the design stage and to construct a rotary piston engine for different purposes.