The influence of the conditions of microplasma processing (microarc oxidation in anodecathode regime) of aluminum alloys on their phase composition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.112065Keywords:
structural engineering, microplasma treatment, anodecathode regime, phase compositionAbstract
Investigations have been performed on the effect of microplasma oxidation regimes in electrolytes with activating additives on the phasestructural state of coatings formed on the basis of aluminum. In microarc oxidation (MAO), the surface layer of the processed aluminumbased alloy was converted to a coating consisting of aluminum oxides with increased hardness. Such a modification of the surface layers makes it possible to use the properties of base materials and modified layers most rationally, sparing expensive and rare metals and alloys.
The study has revealed the formation of intermediate phases (multistage) during the formation of coatings on aluminum alloys in the alkalisilicate electrolyte and the anodecathode mode of microplasma oxidation. The main intermediate phases are γAl2O3 and 3Al2O3·2SiO2.
The composition of the electrolyte has a significant effect on the initial stages of the process during which strong passivating layers are formed on the metallic surface. These layers determine the possibility of spark explosions of sufficient intensity and, thus, the implementation of the MAO process. The obtained results indicate that during the oxidation process, the γAl2O3 phase is alloyed with the base components and the electrolyte components to form solid substitutional solutions. The change in the lattice period in this case will be determined, on the one hand, by the difference in the ionic radii of atoms in the lattice and, on the other hand, by the difference in valence.
The paper discloses the influence of the crystalchemical characteristics of the cations of the processed alloy and the cations that make up the electrolyte on the γAl2O3→αAl2O3. The absence of the hardest phase of αAl2O3 (corundum) in the coating is explained by the low power of microdischarges, at which the temperature of the polymorphic γ→α transformation is not ensured. Pilotindustrial tests were performed on friction pair parts, and recommendations have been given on the change in the composition of the electrolyte and the parameters of electrolysis that ensure an increase in the content of the αAl2O3 phase in the coating composition.
References
- Belozerov, V., Mahatilova, A., Sobol', O., Subbotina, V., Subbotin, A. (2017). Investigation of the influence of technological conditions of microarc oxidation of magnesium alloys on their structural state and mechanical properties. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (5 (86)), 39–43. doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2017.96721
- Barmin, A. E., Zubkov, A. I., Il'inskii, A. I. (2012). Structural features of the vacuum condensates of iron alloyed with tungsten. Functional Materials, 19 (2), 256–259.
- Shim, D.-S., Baek, G.-Y., Lee, S.-B., Yu, J.-H., Choi, Y.-S., Park, S.-H. (2017). Influence of heat treatment on wear behavior and impact toughness of AISI M4 coated by laser melting deposition. Surface and Coatings Technology, 328, 219–230. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.059
- Sapegina, I. V., Dorofeev, G. A., Mokrushina, M. I., Pushkarev, B. E., Lad’yanov, V. I. (2017). High-nitrogen 23Cr9Мn1N steel manufactured by aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure: structure and mechanical properties. Letters on Materials, 7 (2), 137–140. doi: 10.22226/2410-3535-2017-2-137-140
- Barmin, A. E., Sobol’, O. V., Zubkov, A. I., Mal’tseva, L. A. (2015). Modifying effect of tungsten on vacuum condensates of iron. The Physics of Metals and Metallography, 116 (7), 706–710. doi: 10.1134/s0031918x15070017
- Ivashchenko, V. I., Dub, S. N., Scrynskii, P. L., Pogrebnjak, A. D., Sobol’, O. V., Tolmacheva, G. N. et. al. (2016). Nb–Al–N thin films: Structural transition from nanocrystalline solid solution nc-(Nb,Al)N into nanocomposite nc-(Nb, Al)N/a–AlN. Journal of Superhard Materials, 38 (2), 103–113. doi: 10.3103/s1063457616020040
- Grigoriev, S. N., Sobol, O. V., Beresnev, V. M., Serdyuk, I. V., Pogrebnyak, A. D., Kolesnikov, D. A., Nemchenko, U. S. (2014). Tribological characteristics of (TiZrHfVNbTa)N coatings applied using the vacuum arc deposition method. Journal of Friction and Wear, 35 (5), 359–364. doi: 10.3103/s1068366614050067
- Bourebia, M., Laouar, L., Hamadache, H., Dominiak, S. (2016). Improvement of surface finish by ball burnishing: approach by fractal dimension. Surface Engineering, 33 (4), 255–262. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2016.1232778
- Sobol’, O. V. (2016). The influence of nonstoichiometry on elastic characteristics of metastable β-WC1–x phase in ion plasma condensates. Technical Physics Letters, 42 (9), 909–911. doi: 10.1134/s1063785016090108
- Sobol’, O. V. (2011). Control of the structure and stress state of thin films and coatings in the process of their preparation by ion-plasma methods. Physics of the Solid State, 53 (7), 1464–1473. doi: 10.1134/s1063783411070274
- Sobol’, O. V., Andreev, A. A., Grigoriev, S. N., Volosova, M. A., Gorban’, V. F. (2012). Vacuum-arc multilayer nanostructured TiN/Ti coatings: structure, stress state, properties. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 54 (1-2), 28–33. doi: 10.1007/s11041-012-9451-1
- Sobol’, O. V. (2016). Structural Engineering Vacuum-plasma Coatings Interstitial Phases. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics, 8 (2), 02024–1–02024–7. doi: 10.21272/jnep.8(2).02024
- Pogrebnjak, A. D., Bondar, O. V., Abadias, G., Ivashchenko, V., Sobol, O. V., Jurga, S., Coy, E. (2016). Structural and mechanical properties of NbN and Nb-Si-N films: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. Ceramics International, 42 (10), 11743–11756. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.095
- Chen, C.-M., Chu, H.-J., He, J.-L. (2017). Anodic dyeing of micro-arc oxidized aluminum with a cathodic pretreatment. Surface and Coatings Technology, 324, 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.062
- Krivonosova, E. A., Ponomarev, I. S. (2016). Features of Aluminum Alloy Microplasma Oxidation During Operation in a Polar Pulsating Current Regime. Metallurgist, 60 (5-6), 641–645. doi: 10.1007/s11015-016-0344-1
- Banakh, O., Journot, T., Gay, P.-A., Matthey, J., Csefalvay, C., Kalinichenko, O. et. al. (2016). Synthesis by anodic-spark deposition of Ca- and P-containing films on pure titanium and their biological response. Applied Surface Science, 378, 207–215. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.03.161
- Yerokhin, A. L., Nie, X., Leyland, A., Matthews, A., Dowey, S. J. (1999). Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 122 (2-3), 73–93. doi: 10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00441-7
- Asadi, S., Kazeminezhad, M. (2016). Multi Directional Forging of 2024 Al Alloy After Different Heat Treatments: Microstructural and Mechanical Behavior. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 70 (7), 1707–1719. doi: 10.1007/s12666-016-0967-8
- Martin, J., Melhem, A., Shchedrina, I., Duchanoy, T., Nominé, A., Henrion, G. et. al. (2013). Effects of electrical parameters on plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium. Surface and Coatings Technology, 221, 70–76. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.01.029
- Lv, G., Gu, W., Chen, H., Feng, W., Khosa, M. L., Li, L. et. al. (2006). Characteristic of ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate and phosphate electrolyte. Applied Surface Science, 253 (5), 2947–2952. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.06.036
- Veys-Renaux, D., Chahboun, N., Rocca, E. (2016). Anodizing of multiphase aluminium alloys in sulfuric acid: in-situ electrochemical behaviour and oxide properties. Electrochimica Acta, 211, 1056–1065. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.131
- Wang, P., Wu, T., Xiao, Y. T., Zhang, L., Pu, J., Cao, W. J., Zhong, X. M. (2017). Characterization of micro-arc oxidation coatings on aluminum drillpipes at different current density. Vacuum, 142, 21–28. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.04.038
- Shen, Y., Sahoo, P. K., Pan, Y. (2017). A Study of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on Aluminum Alloy Drill Pipe for Offshore Platform. Marine Technology Society Journal, 51 (3), 16–22. doi: 10.1115/omae2016-54685
- Tran, Q.-P., Kuo, Y.-C., Sun, J.-K., He, J.-L., Chin, T.-S. (2016). High quality oxide-layers on Al-alloy by micro-arc oxidation using hybrid voltages. Surface and Coatings Technology, 303, 61–67. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.049
- Ayday, A. (2017). Effect of Two-Step Oxidation on Performance of Micro-Arc Oxidation on 6063 Aluminum Alloy. Acta Physica Polonica A, 131 (1), 96–98. doi: 10.12693/aphyspola.131.96
- Tran, Q.-P., Sun, J.-K., Kuo, Y.-C., Tseng, C.-Y., He, J.-L., Chin, T.-S. (2017). Anomalous layer-thickening during micro-arc oxidation of 6061 Al alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 697, 326–332. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.372
- Pawlik, A., Hnida, K., Socha, R. P., Wiercigroch, E., Małek, K., Sulka, G. D. (2017). Effects of anodizing conditions and annealing temperature on the morphology and crystalline structure of anodic oxide layers grown on iron. Applied Surface Science, 426, 1084–1093. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.156
- Lv, P. X., Chi, G. X., Wei, D. B., Di, S. C. (2011). Design of Scanning Micro-Arc Oxidation Forming Ceramic Coatings on 2024 Aluminium Alloy. Advanced Materials Research, 189-193, 1296–1300. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1296
- Choi, J. W., Heo, S. J., Koak, J. Y., Kim, S. K., Lim, Y. J., Kim, S. H., Lee, J. B. (2006). Biological responses of anodized titanium implants under different current voltages. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 33 (12), 889–897. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01669.x
- Klopotov, A. A., Abzaev, Yu. A., Potekaev, A. I., Volokitin, O. G. (2012). Osnovy rentgenostrukturnogo analiza v materialovedenii. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. gos. arhit.-stroit. Un-ta, 276.
- Sabaghi Joni, M., Fattah-alhosseini, A. (2016). Effect of KOH concentration on the electrochemical behavior of coatings formed by pulsed DC micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on AZ31B Mg alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 661, 237–244. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.169
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Valery Belozerov, Oleg Sоbоl, Anna Mahatilova, Valeria Subbotinа, Taha A. Tabaza, Ubeidulla F. Al-Qawabeha, Safwan Moh`d Al-Qawabar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.
