Organization and content efficiency substantiation of a strengthened professional and applied physical training course for railway higher educational institution students

Conclusion: analysis and generalization of the literature sources found the absence of a scientifically based program of PAPT for students of higher education institutions of the railway profile. The introduction in the educational process of physical education of the experimental program on physical education with the strengthened course of the PAPT showed an increase in the level of physical, professionally applied physical and psycho-physiological readiness of students.


Introduction
Uncontrollable development of scientific and technological progress, global changes in the political, economic and social spheres fundamentally change the perception of the quality process for the training of the future specialist, requires fundamentally new approaches to the entire system of physical education, especially in the process of professional-applied physical training (PAPT).
In modern conditions of reforming the system of the educational process in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, many domestic researchers note the relevance of substantiating the content and organization of programs for professional-applied physical training, taking into account the requirements of a particular profession and the search for new technologies for their implementation.
Successful functioning of such a strategically important complex as rail transport is largely determined by the human factor.High demands placed on modern railroad specialists every year increasingly illuminate the contradictions between the need for Ukrzaliznytsia in highly qualified, harmoniously developed specialists and the traditional system of physical education in the university, does not take into account the specific nature of future professional activity and does not provide this need in full; between the rapid development of the railway industry and the needs for specialists, capable of prolonged professional longevity and inadequate elaboration of the content of existing programs for physical education in the conceptual plan; between the requirements for physical, psychophysical and mental preparedness of modern specialists of the railway industry and the available level of training graduates of higher educational institutions.So, it is obvious that the existing system of physical education needs to be improved and the search for new, more effective forms of its organization in higher educational institutions [2; 4; 7].Problem of optimization and improvement of professional-applied physical training of future specialists of various specialties is devoted to a considerable number of scientific works [1; 2; 5; 8].This is not an accident, because a modern specialist should differ not only in the quality of professional training, but also have a high level of physical development and functional state of the body.So, the programs of professionallyapplied physical training for students of high schools of energy specialties [9], machine-building industry [3], students studying on the profile of radio engineering [8] and others.However, it should be noted that the issues of professionallyapplied physical training have not been adequately covered in the literature, in particular, with reference to the specifics of the railway industry.Do not disclose the features of profiled training, taking into account the professional orientation of the work process of electrical engineers of the railway transport, organizational and methodological foundations of the construction of technology of professionally-applied physical training are not developed taking into account the structure and functioning of the universities of railway transport.Such training of railway engineers is practically not carried out either during study at the university, or during the further production activity.Main reason for this is the lack of a scientifically based system presentation of professional-applied training of future railway specialists and the technology of practical implementation of this training in specialized educational institutions, Ukrzaliznytsia and other industrial enterprises.

SLOBOZhANSKyI heRALD Of ScIeNce AND SPORT
In the scientific literature [2, 3, 4] it is proved that the level of physical preparedness of workers in the railway industry does not meet modern requirements on a number of criteria.Weak physical fitness is the reason for the low level of efficiency of specialists, rapid fatigue, psychological breakdowns, which leads to a large number of production errors in railway transport.In addition, as A. I .Davidenko [2] notes, the professional activities of railway specialists are carried out under conditions of exposure to harmful factors of the production environment: noise, vibration, dust, unfavorable microclimate, heavy physical labor, neuro-emotional tension and inefficient nutrition.Such working conditions provoke the emergence of many occupational diseases.Thus, among the most common diseases among railway workers are: respiratory diseases, peripheral nervous and musculoskeletal systems, circulatory system, digestive organs, occupational deafness, diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, poisoning.Scientists [2, 7] note that workers in the railway industry have a reduced level of psycho-physiological and psychophysical preparedness, a high incidence rate, an early professional aging, is the cause of many accidents and incidents.
Researches of scientists [5,7] show that the production activity of workers in the railway industry is more than 60% dependent on the human factor and up to 50% on the quality of psycho-physiological and psychophysical preparedness of specialists.R. T. Rayevsky [6] determined that for the development and improvement of sensory, volitional and mental qualities, specially selected means of applied orientation.Due to their purposeful impact, the optimum level of functioning and reliability of all organs and systems.
In order to substantiate the need for PAPT railway specialists, it is necessary to consider the specific features and requirements for employees of this industry.Thus, V. A. Sadovsky [7] notes that the general requirements include: professional psychophysical readiness, mental abilities, sensory, motor, physical, volitional, organizational skills and abilities of railroad specialists.High labor productivity largely depends on individual abilities for mental and physical labor, the level of endurance and restorability of an organism, efficiency, etc.Scientists [2, 4, 5, 7] note that the physical reliability and readiness of railway specialists is effectively achieved through the special, professionally directed use of PAPT tools and methods.
The scientific works indicate that the formation of professionally important physical qualities and skills in future specialists, the increase in the body's resistance to the adverse effects of the external and industrial environment is most effectively achieved in the process of specially directed use of methods and means of physical education.
At present, the issue of the professionally applied physical training of railroad specialists, in particular, electrical engineers of railway transport, has not been practically investigated.Significant requirements that professional activity impose on the physical, psychophysical and mental training of modern railroad specialists, high social importance of their work activity make it especially relevant to develop and introduce in the process of physical education in universities a strengthened course of the PAPT, with the aim of acquiring, by future specialists, the professionally required level of professional physical and psycho-physiological readiness for railway en-gineers.
Current situation determines the relevance of the scientific substantiation of the content and organization of professionally-applied physical training and their introduction into the educational process of future electrical engineers of the railway transport.
Purpose of the study: to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the application of the experimental program for physical education with an intensified course of professionalapplied physical training (PAPT) for students of I-II courses of railway specialties.

Material and Methods of the research
In the course of the research, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, physiological and psycho-physiological methods, and methods of mathematical statistics.
In order to test the effectiveness of the organization and content of the experimental program for physical education with a strengthened PAPT course for students, future electrical engineers of railway transport, a pedagogical experiment was conducted.In the experiment, 50 students (young men) took part, of which an experimental (25 people) and control (25 people) group of first year students of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport.Classes of students of both groups were held under the same conditions: two-time classes per week for 90 minutes.Structures of the sports base of UkrSURT and the necessary sports equipment were used.All studies in the experimental group were carried out by the author of the work, in the control group -by teachers of the Department of Physical Education and Sports in accordance with the curriculum for physical education for higher educational institutions of Ukraine III-IV levels of accreditation.

Results of the research and their discussion
At the beginning of the experiment, both groups (experimental and control) did not have significant differences in all studied parameters.
It was revealed that the data of the initial level of anthropometric and psycho-physiological indices of physical and psychophysical development as a whole corresponded to the average age norms.Level of physical and professionally-applied physical preparedness is low.
An analysis of the results of the initial study made it possible to conclude that it is necessary to introduce a strengthened course of PAPT in the physical education of railway higher education institutions in order to reach future physicists with a high level of physical and psycho-physiological readiness that are important for the further successful work.
In the developed experimental program, a wide application of exercises aimed at increasing the overall physical preparedness and performance in conjunction with a large arsenal of PAPT, most effective for this professional activity, as well as the introduction of methods for optimizing occupations, which allowed to increase the intensity and motor density of occupations, not exceeding the limits of the hours allocated This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) by the program.means of GPP and PAPT were distributed as follows: exercises aimed at increasing physical performance and development of physical qualities -40%, on development of strength qualities -25%, speed-strength endurance -15%, exercises aimed at improving attention functions and kinestatic sensibility -10%, general and special working capacity -10%.
Pedagogical experiment was designed for two years.Results of testing conducted at the end of the second year of the study showed that the students of the experimental group had significant positive changes in their physical preparedness for almost all indicators.Thus, the results in pull-ups increased by 75,5%, by 49,9% -arm-pumping exercises, by 61,9% -in the bent suspension, by 36,5% -in the rise of the trunk in squat and 57% -in the angled position from the squat position.Indices of endurance (run on 3000 m) among the students of the experimental group improved by 19,2%, agility by 9,6%, speed-strength qualities by 9,7% (standing long jump) and by 5,3% -speed (running on 100 m).
One of the important components of testing the effectiveness of the experimental program was testing of professionally important physical, psychophysical and mental qualities and abilities of future electrical engineers of railway transport.Results of a two-year experiment prove that an experimental program has been developed that has positively influenced the development of such professionally important physical qualities as kinestatic sensuality, strength, strength endurance of the back muscles and coordinated movements.Thus, the increase in the parameters of the kinestatic sensibility of the leading brush was 10,76±0,19 kg (p<0,05), that is 26,8%; indicators of strength -31,2±0,7 kg (р<0,05), That corresponds to 33.8%; indicators coordinated movements (test   2).
After applying the experimental program, the students of the experimental group decreased the time of a simple reaction to light by 49,4 ms (p<0,05) (15,6%) and the time of a simple reaction to sound at 38,32 ms (p<0,05) (9,5%); time of a complex reaction to the presence of a sign decreased by 220,44±0,25 ms (p<0,05), which was 22,2%, and the time of a complex reaction for the absence of a sign was 168,48±2,56 ms (p<0,05), i.e. 17%.The parameters of the muscular sensitivity of the leading brush without visual control in the students of the experimental group improved after two years of training on 4,80±0,17 kg (p<0,05).Positive changes were observed in the parameters of the muscular sensitivity of the leading brush with visual control.After two years of classes, they decreased by 5,56±0,21 kg (р<0,05) (Table 3).

SLOBOZhANSKyI heRALD Of ScIeNce AND SPORT
Testing of the properties of the nervous system at the end of the experiment showed a significant increase in the functional stability of the nervous system, which was reflected in the improvement of the parameters of the taping test (p<0,05).After two years of application of the experimental improvement program, 1,2±0,03 Hz, i.e. 20,7% (Fig. 1).Prospects for further research.In subsequent studies, it is planned to make a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the group's indices, which was dealt with according to the author's program with an intensified course of professionallyapplied physical training with the indicators of a group of students who were involved in the curriculum for physical education for higher educational institutions of Ukraine III-IV levels of accreditation.

fig. 1 .conclusions 1 .
fig. 1. Dynamics of indicators of the taping test of the experimental group students after the experiment cG eG