Rationale for determining the types of adaptation to predict in sport

. Purpose: theoretical and practical study adaptation types beginners. Materials and Methods: the analytical synthesis of scientific literature data, the determination of the concentration of lactic acid testing of motor activity. Results: based on the parameters set lactate types of adaptation: «sprinters», «stayers», «mixed type». conclusions: the establishment of types of adaptation makes it possible to recommend a special focus budding athletes in the sport.

The presented results accurately define a dependence of speed -a lactate which gives the grounds to conclude: highspeed endurance develops depending on the level of anaerobic glycolysis [17][18][19][20]. At influence of the unambiguous training program in which there was no purposeful development of high-speed endurance, it is revealed that boys of the "sprint" type of a metabolism and with the "mixed" type had almost identical rates of its gain (24,9% and 23,8%), whereas rates of a gain of indicators of high-speed endurance made only 16,5% at boys with the "stayer" type of a metabolism.
At girls in a year of sports activities rates of a gain of indicators of high-speed endurance made: the "sprint" type of a metabolism -26,6%, with the "mixed" type -19,5% and with the "stayer" -8,75%. At the girls who aren't playing sports such dependence was defined: the "sprint" type -14,4%, the "mixed" type -14,0% and the "stayer" type -3,96%.
Long-term researches testify that specifics of metabolic reactions are in considerable dependence on features of the neuromuscular device [11; 12]. So, children with the type "sprint" of a metabolism authentically exceeded in indicators of the maximum "explosive" force, and with the type "stayer" -indicators of power endurance.
At the age of 9-10 years old boys and girls with the type "sprint" of a metabolism were ahead of the contemporaries in the weight, growth, the circle body sizes, and with the "stayer" -were less than growth easier. Already from the first investigation phases it is established that boys and girls of the type "sprint" of a metabolism surpassed the contemporaries in test indicators with a breath delay.
A certain interest was shown by authors [9; 12] to a condition of the cardiovascular system. Girls and boys of 9-10 years old with the "sprint" type of a metabolism are ahead of the contemporaries on the development of myocardium (tab. 2).
The reliable distinctions between indicators of children are established in the response of an organism to loading and restoration processes. The deepest shifts were installed in the haemo-dynamics at persons with the "sprint" type of a metabolism, the smallest -with the "stayer" type.
To concretize an adaptive typology in sport more, we suggest altering some her concept presented in the monograph of T. I. Alekseeva [1].
The adaptive type is the adaptation of a human body to physical activities which is representing a norm of biological reactions to physical impact and having external expression in specifics of biomobility and morphofunctional manifestations. Any type of adaptation is predetermined genetically.
Features of a metabolism at physical activities and nature of adaptation of organism of children (9-10 years old) are authentically interconnected with the formation of specifics of constitutional typology: "sprint", "stayer", "mixed" [7].
The constitutional type of "sprinter" is characterized by the high level of not only aerobic, but also anaerobic glycolytic exchange, ability adequately to transfer the hypoxemic influences arising at muscular activity. Children with such constitutional feature are ahead of the contemporaries in rates of physical development, physical working capacity, in the level of manifestation of force, speed, high-speed and power endurance. At this age category -9-10 years oldthe carbohydrate anaerobic exchange is early very much interfaced with proteinaceous one that is a specific adaptation manifestation.
Children with the constitutional type of "sprinter" quickly adapt for physical activities of high-speed and power character. A sportsman can execute for training classes the considerable volume of work with high intensity. It causes considerable deviations in a homeostasis of muscles and blood. The excess accumulation of a lactate causes a decrease and blocking of an oxidizing way of resynthesis of ATP during a restoration. The organism of sportsmen is more slowly restored in such constitutional typology. Sportsmen of this population have most often certain deviations in a condition of cardiovascular system at sports that is they are most sensitive from the point of view of an assessment of a state of health.
The constitutional type "stayer" is characterized by slightly other fenogenetic properties -low rates of the level of physical development, low ability to transfer hypoxemic influences. The development of organism of children of this constitutional typology is carried out generally due to oxidizing resynthesis of ATP.
Specific features in physical activity are shown at children of the constitutional type "stayer". They are capable to perform work of power, high-speed and power character in a lesser extent. But they are capable to manifestation of types of endurance; there are no pronounced functional shifts in acid-base balance and haemo-dynamics.
The constitutional type "mixed" is intermediate between two extreme types. However depending on an orientation of purposefulness of the motive activity their adaptation opportunities come nearer either to "sprint", or to "stayer" type.
Conclusions: 1. The offered results of the research allow defining objectively types of adaptation of sportsmen-beginners that gives the grounds to recommend a special orientation in sport specifically.
2. The correction of the educational-training process of sportsmen-beginners on the basis of types of adaptation opportunities provides achievements of high level of fitness in a concrete kind of activity.
Prospects of further researches. It is necessary to establish adaptation types at the initial stages of the training process which will provide a purposeful development of special working capacity.