Influence of the structure and content of physical training tourists-conductors 12–13 years on the level of physical fitness

. Purpose: to determine the effect of the structure and content of physical training tourists-conductors 12–13 years on the level of physical fitness. results: significant differences in the level of development of basic motor qualities tourists conductors between the experimental and control groups. Material and Methods: the used theoretical analysis and synthesis of the literature, teacher test- ing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 90 people, 64 of them – men and 26 – women. Conclusions: determined that the overall level of physical qualities tourists conductors is low; no single structure building training process of preparation tourists conductors 12–13 years; no innovative technologies; narrow range of physical training of athletes. Established that additional means of physical training significantly affect the level of physical qualities tourists conductors 12–13 years at a stage of previous base prepara- tion. Results of the research and their discussion. We carried-out an assessment of the level of physical fitness of tourists water-transport workers at a stage of the previous basic preparation at the beginning of the forming experiment. The statistical indicators of the level of physical fitness of boys proved that low indicators were watched all tests of a power orientation in the majority of them at a stage of the previous basic preparation (81% of boys showed low result in the test “Pullings up on a cross-piece” and 71% – in the test “Bendings extensions of hands in an emphasis, lying”). In tests of a high-speed and power orientation low indicators were watched in 62% of boys by test “Long jump from a place”, 70% and 72% – respectively in the test “Trunk raisings in a sit” and “Throw of a stuffed ball weighing 2 kg”. Low results showed 85% of boys in the test of a high-speed orientation (“Run of 60 m”). The low level was shown by 85% of boys in the tests of a coordination orientation (“Shuttle run of 4x9 m” and “Run by a “snake” of 30 m”, and results of performance of the test of Romberg were unsatisfactory in 100%. The level of the development of endurance was estimated by the test “Run of 1500 m” where the low result was shown by 80% of boys. Besides, the development of flexibility by the test “Trunk inclination forward” didn’t satisfy to the age norms in 72% of boys 11].

Results of the research and their discussion. We carried-out an assessment of the level of physical fitness of tourists water-transport workers at a stage of the previous basic preparation at the beginning of the forming experiment. The statistical indicators of the level of physical fitness of boys proved that low indicators were watched all tests of a power orientation in the majority of them at a stage of the previous basic preparation (81% of boys showed low result in the test "Pullings up on a cross-piece" and 71% -in the test "Bendings extensions of hands in an emphasis, lying"). In tests of a high-speed and power orientation low indicators were watched in 62% of boys by test "Long jump from a place", 70% and 72% -respectively in the test "Trunk raisings in a sit" and "Throw of a stuffed ball weighing 2 kg". Low results showed 85% of boys in the test of a high-speed orientation ("Run of 60 m"). The low level was shown by 85% of boys in the tests of a coordination orientation ("Shuttle run of 4x9 m" and "Run by a "snake" of 30 m", and results of performance of the test of Romberg were unsatisfactory in 100%. The level of the development of endurance was estimated by the test "Run of 1500 m" where the low result was shown by 80% of boys. Besides, the development of flexibility by the test "Trunk inclination forward" didn't satisfy to the age norms in 72% of boys [9; 11].
The statistical data of indicators of the level of physical fitness of girls was also established by low indicators by all tests: "Pulling up on a cross-piece" -in 88%, "Bending extension of hands in an emphasis, lying" -in 70%, "A long jump from a place" -in 69%, "A trunk raising in a sit" -in 69%, "A throw of a stuffed ball weighing 2 kg" -in 81%, "Run of 60 m"in 81%, "Shuttle run of 4x9 m" -in 88%, "Run by a "snake" of 30 m" -in 85%, indicators of the test of Romberg -in 100%, "Run of 1500 m" -in 88%, "A trunk inclination" forward -in 65% of girls.
The assessment of the level of special physical fitness was carried out by the tests which are most often applied in sports practice of tourists water-transport workers of different qualification and completely display the level of preparedness of sportsmen at each stage of long-term training ("Passing of the return gate" (against the current) and "Passing of a competitive distance" (10 gate, min).
Results of the correlation analysis between the noted above indicators, established a close interrelation between indicators of physical fitness that confirmed data on need of attraction of a wide range of means of physical preparation for the increase of their level.
Results of the fixed experiment, calendar of competitions for 2013-2014 and volume of loadings according to recommendations of the leading researchers of the branch of sports boating and basic provisions of the theory of sport were put in a basis of the experimental structure and content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers at a stage of the previous basic preparation [9; 10; 13].
The experimental structure and the content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers at a stage of the previous basic preparation provided 216 hours and contained a redistribution of the content of special physical preparation according to the provision of the theory of sport [10] and to the experience of leading experts of the branch of sports boating [3; 10]. The annual cycle of preparation was under the construction on the basis of the one-cycled planning of the training process which was defined by the existence of the main regional competitions.
The offered experimental structure and content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers at a stage of the previous basic preparation were planned only for the preparatory period of a macrocycle which lasted 6 months (November, 2013 -April in 2014) in which additional resources of physical preparation were used which are most approached by the work of certain groups of the muscles involved in the work of tourists water-transport workers, an amplitude and direction of the movement, a size of efforts, a movement speed in the competitive activity but which don't answer it in general which were aimed at the development of power, high-speed and power and coordination qualities.
Due to the lack of standards for this age of sportsmen in the training program of [8] improvements of the level of special physical fitness estimated in dynamics before and after the experiment. So, the time of passing of the "return" gate made 38,03 s before the experiment in the control group of boys, and the time of passing of a competitive distance -3 min. The time of passing of the "return" gate decreased on 0,28 s after the experiment (that made 0,7%) and made 37,75 s, and the time of passing of a competitive distance decreased on 5 s (2,8%) and made 2,55 min.
In the experimental group of boys the time of "Passing of the return gate" before the experiment made 37,5 s, after -32 s. Therefore, during the preparatory period the time of passing of this distance improved on 5,5 s (17%). Also the improvement on 39 s (25%) is noted and the test "Passing of a competitive distance" (from 3,11 min to 2,38 min). That is the developed by us structure and the content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers had a positive effect at a stage of the previous basic preparation with a use of additional resources of physical preparation that is confirmed with the above-stated data and data which are provided in tab. 1.
The insignificant deterioration of results in tests of special physical fitness is traced among girls-tourists of 12-13 years old of the control group. So, the time of "Passing of the return gate" before the experiment made 44,46 s, after -45 s, a deterioration made 0,54 s (1,2%). The time of passing of a competitive distance also increased on 15 s (6%) (from 3,45 min to 4 min). A deterioration of results took place due to the lack of systemacity and specificity of loadings in the training process.
The tendency to a reduction of the time of passing of distances and improvement of results are traced in the experimental group of girls. So, the time of "Passing of the return gate" decreased on 5,31 s (14%) (from 44,31 s to 39 s). The improvement on 20 s (10%) is noted and in the test "Passing of a competitive distance" (from 3,50 min to 3,30 min). The received results also confirm the expediency of the structure developed by us and the content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers with a use of additional resources of physical preparation, the data are provided in tab.

2.
The analysis of results of the forming experiment showed considerable changes of indicators of physical fitness of tourists of the experimental group.
The reliable improvement (р<0,05) is defined on all indicators of physical fitness at boys of 12-13 years old (see tab. 1). The most considerable reliable gain (р<0,05) is observed by the indicators of Romberg's test, "Passing of the return gate" and "Passing of a competitive distance" , the tests "Pullings up on a cross-piece", "Bending extension of hands in an emphasis, lying", "Run of 60 m", "Shuttle Run of 4x9 m", "Run by a snake of 30 M", "Trunk raising in a sit", "Trunk inclination from situation, sitting" among indicators of physical fitness at girls of the experimental group. Training classes with a use of additional resources of tourists water-transport workers of girls of 12-13 years old were directed on qualities which measure these indicators. The reliable differences aren't recorded by such tests as "A long jump from a place", "A throw of a stuffed ball" and "Run of 1500 m" (р>0,05) (see tab. 2).
Carrying out the comparative analysis and the research of dynamics of a gain of indicators of physical fitness at a stage of the previous basic preparation testify to the efficiency of application of the offered technique of physical preparation in the experimental group, than the use of traditional volumes of loading in the control group.
Conclusions: 1.Thr data of T. Y. Krutsevich, N. V. Moskalenko, V. V. Prikhodko and other scientists about the discrepancy of the level of the development of physical qualities to standard requirements and age of boys and girls of 12-13 years old are confirmed in the work by the results of the fixed experiment. The analysis of physical fitness shows that the development of motive qualities in tourists water-transport workers happens unevenly. Besides, the data of. B. Volkov, V. N. Volodin, L. P. Sergienko and others about compliance of anthropometrical indicators to the standard level with a tendency to decrease in body weight, in connection with specifics of this sport were confirmed in the work by the results of the fixed experiment.
2. The results of the made experiment finished the efficiency of the developed by us experimental structure and the content of physical training of tourists water-transport workers of 12-13 years old at a stage of the previous basic preparation on the basis of use of additional resources of physical preparation. It is proved that indicators of physical fitness, both among girls, and among boys of tourists of 12-14 years old, have more reliable improvement in the experimental group, than in the control.
Prospects of the subsequent researches. The research of influence of nonspecific funds of physical training of tourists water-transport workers for the level of development of their physical qualities is provided.