Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science and Sport

CHANGES IN CIRCUMFERENCE SIZES OF BODYBUILDERS USING MACHINE AND FREE WEIGHT EXERCISES IN COMBINATION WITH DIFFERENT LOAD REGIMES

Oleh Olkhovyi

Abstract.

Purpose. To evaluate the changes in circumference sizes of bodybuilders using machine and free weight exercises in conditions of different load regimes at the stage of specialized basic training.

Methods. 64 bodybuilders aged 20±1.2 years were divided into 4 study groups. The stage of specialized basic training lasted 12 weeks. Group 1 and 2 participants used free weight and machine exercises in conditions of medium-intensity training load (R_а=0.58). Group 3 and 4 athletes performed the same exercises in conditions of high-intensity training load (R_a=0.71). The changes in circumference measurements (shoulder, hip, chest and shin) were recorded every 30 days. Non-parametric methods of mathematical statistics were used in the study.

The results. Using free weight exercises in the regime of high-intensity loads (R_а=0.71) contributed to the greatest increase in the body circumference (by 4.9%) compared to the initial data. The smallest increase in the controlled indicators (by 1.8%) was found in athletes using machine exercises in the regime of medium-intensity loads (R_a=0.58). Performing free weight exercises in different load regimes led to more than double increase in the body circumference measurements. The dependence of the controlled indicators dynamics on the load regimes was observed when using machine exercises. The dynamics of body circumference depends on the features of the training load regimes but not on the type of exercises.

Conclusions. At the stage of specialized basic training in bodybuilding, the use of high-intensity training loads (R_a=0.71) was the main factor that affected the accelerated increase in body circumference of athletes. Combination of machine strength exercises with high-intensity loads allowed achieving the most pronounced adaptive changes.

CONTROL OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIAL EXERCISES IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF EXPERIENCED FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Pavlo Sirenko

Abstract

Purpose

The content of training programs in football largely depends on the completeness and reliability of information obtained as a result of monitoring competitive activities [1,2]. The purpose of the study is to confirm the effectiveness of the use of special exercise complexes in the training process of experienced football players [3].

Materials and methods

Experienced midfield football players participated in the research (n=16, age 19-32 years, experience of playing football - from 10 years or more).

The study consisted in observing the dynamics of indicators of technical and tactical actions of football players of the midfield line of the main team of FC "Metalist" and football players of a similar role of rival teams of the Premier Football League of Ukraine. The research continued in the first round of the 2012-2013 season from July 14 to December 1, 2012; in the second round of the 2012-2013 season from March 2 to May 26, 2012; in the first round of the 2013-2014 season from July 15 to December 4, 2013.

We used sets of special exercises during the general and special preparatory stages of the preparatory period. The team was preparing for the games of the second round of the championship of Ukraine among the teams of the Premier League and 1/32 of the Europa League of the season 2012 - 2013. Also the first round of the championship of Ukraine among the teams of the Premier League, and the 3rd qualifying round of the Champions League of the season 2013 - 2014

The statistical processing of numerical data included the calculation of performed TTD normalized by the unit of time spent on the field. Finding average values and confidence intervals, testing statistical hypotheses about the equality of the respective averages of the experimental and control groups with a confidence probability of 0.9.

Results

The conditions of use and implementation of means of special physical training are defined.

The effectiveness of the special exercises applied by us was determined based on the registration of technical and tactical data.

Regulated dynamics of load intensity in the structure of the basic mesocycle of the general preparatory stage of the preparatory period and the control-preparatory mesocycle of the special preparatory stage of the preparatory period.

Conclusions

The set of special exercises applied to the players of the midfield line of FC "Metalist" leads to a significant increase in the average values of the activity coefficients of various technical and tactical actions (TTA). By 12% and accurate TTA by 11.9%. Of 42 TTAs, significant improvement occurred in 13 and deterioration in 5.

The most effective are exercises with asymmetric load distribution using a destabilizing component at the general preparatory and special preparatory stages of the preparatory period.

Keywords: football, playing role, technical and tactical actions, special exercises.

Physiological and Neuromuscular Factors Affecting Performance in Judo Athletes of Different Weight Categories

Manar Bouzoualegh, adel belkadi, Cherara Lalia, Saddak Benhamou

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the physiological and neuromuscular aspects involved in the performance of judo athletes of different weight categories.

Methods: Twenty-one male judokas participated in the study, and several assessments were carried out to evaluate muscle power, judogi strength endurance, special judo fitness, fight simulation, and incremental test on a treadmill. Statistical analyses such as Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson's linear correlation, "t" test for dependent samples, and one-way ANOVA were used.

Results: The study found a significant correlation between the number of throws in the SJFT, the ANV, the PV, and the CMJ, while no significant correlation was reported with Fmax and TMFmax on the dominant and non-dominant sides and with LACmax. There was no significant correlation between %FCmax with ANV and DLS. A significant inverse correlation was reported between LACmax and VLAn, but it was not found between DLS and VLAn. LACmax values were significantly higher in the medium/medium-heavy category when compared to the light/medium-heavy category (p <0.05), and the CMJ was significantly lower in the medium/medium-heavy category when compared to the others (light/medium-light, light/medium-medium) (p <0.05).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the levels of muscle power, capacity, and aerobic power were the main determinants of the number of throws made in the SJFT. Maximum strength and strength resistance, as well as glycolytic capacity, were not related to the number of throws. Furthermore, the study showed that athletes with greater aerobic capacity had less glycolytic demand during the fight. Finally, among the categories, the heavier judo athletes requested more the anaerobic lactic metabolism during the fight and presented less muscle power when compared to the lighter athletes. The heart rate of recovery after the SJFT and the decrease in blood lactate after the fight were not considered good indicators of aerobic capacity, as they were not related to the anaerobic threshold of the judo athletes.

А PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF MILITARY OFFICERS OF MECHANISM UNITS TO PERFORM COMBAT TASKS

Артур Одеров

Purpose: to substantiate the technology of professional and physical training of servicemen of mechanized units for the performance of combat missions, which is built on the principles of interdependence of all types of their professional training and dependence on the level of development of physical capabilities and functional capabilities of the body.

Material & Methods: general scientific research methods were used to solve the research tasks: analysis and generalization of scientific works and guiding documents, survey, testing, experiment and statistical analysis. The study was conducted on the basis of the National Academy of Ground Forces from September 2020 to June 2021. It was attended by 51 third-year cadets who made up the control (n=26) and experimental (n=25) groups. Results: more positive dynamics of improvement in physical, psychological and military-special training indicators of servicemen of the experimental group compared to the control group were found (p<0.05); an increase in the number of servicemen compared to the control group by 28-30% with a high level of development of professional and physical qualities, and a decrease by 40-45% of servicemen with a low level of these qualities; by 10-15% higher performance of complex professional tasks simulating the activities of servicemen of mechanized units in conditions as close as possible to real ones.

Conclusions: the use of appropriate means of physical training in combination with the proposed system of pedagogical measures creates conditions for more effective improvement of indicators of all components of professional training (combat capacity) of servicemen of mechanized units. This makes it expedient to apply the substantiated and developed technology of physical training in the practice of training personnel of mechanized and motorized infantry military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Keywords: physical training, mechanized units, combat tasks, pedagogical technology, military personnel.

The influence of loads of various magnitudes and directions on the visual acuity of high-qualified visually impaired sprinters

Leilia Adzhametova, Liudmyla Shesterova — Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: determine the impact of loads of different magnitudes and directions on the visual acuity of a highly qualified female athlete with visual impairments, specializing in sprinting.

Material & methods. The study was conducted in the general preparatory period of the annual training cycle with the participation of the Honored Master of Sports of Ukraine in athletics among athletes with visual impairments. The following research methods were used: analysis of documentary materials (diaries and preparation plans of the studied athlete), pedagogical observation; Pedagogical experiment (author's experiment), visometry, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results. It has been established that an increase in the load has a negative effect on visual acuity. The results obtained in the course of the study indicate a general trend in the response of both eyes to a load of a different nature.

Conclusions. The use in the preparatory period of loads of a strength orientation, complex for endurance, coordination and flexibility, leads to an increase in visual acuity, which in turn has a positive effect on the functional state of the visual analyzer. Large loads aimed at speed endurance and having a speed-strength character lead to a decrease in visual acuity and, as a result, negatively affect the functional state of the visual analyzer.

Impact of physical and sports rehabilitation on the level of physical fitness of combatants

Nataliia Krushynska, Iryna Kohut, Ievgen Goncharenko — Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The anti-terrorist operation, the operation of the joint forces, and the full-scale war in Ukraine have a significant physical and psychological impact on the participants of the hostilities. One of the negative consequences of war is the loss of physical health which further affects the process of socialization during a peaceful life. At the same time, the process of restoring physical health with the help of physical culture and sports rehabilitation has not been researched enough, which confirms the relevance of the chosen topic.

Objective: to determine the impact of physical culture and sports rehabilitation on the level of physical fitness of combatants.

Material and methods: the research was carried out on the basis of the National Sports Complex "Olympiyskyi" in the group "Veteran Ten" during 2020-2021. The main sports competitions the combatants were preparing for were various marathons.

40 combatants who had completed their military service took part in the research. During the research, there were used the following methods: pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics.

Results: During a year, combatants participated in the research in the framework of which they trained and prepared to participate in mass races. The content of the training included both running exercises and exercises aimed at developing strength qualities (mainly strength endurance), flexibility, and coordination. The level of physical fitness of combatants was tested in dynamics (before the start of training and after a year of training). The level of physical fitness of combatants was determined according to the approved tests and standards of the "Annual Assessment of Physical Fitness of the Population of Ukraine". Based on the results of the research, it was established that at the initial stage, 75% of the combatants had a low level of physical fitness, 23% had a medium level, and 2% had a sufficient level. Upon the completion of the pedagogical experiment, the level of physical fitness of the combatants improved: 33% of the combatants had a low level of physical fitness, 50% had a medium level, and 17% had a sufficient level, which demonstrates the effectiveness of training sessions as a means of physical culture and sports rehabilitation.

Conclusions. The positive impact of physical culture and sports rehabilitation on the level of physical fitness of combatants was determined. With the help of the tests and standards of the "Annual Assessment of Physical Fitness of the Population of Ukraine", it was discovered that the indicators of physical fitness of the combatants at the first stage of the research were in the range from 2 to 21 and on average were (11.83; 4.49) points. In the second stage, they ranged from 11 to 24, their average physical fitness score was (11.28; 3.20) points. At the same time, 46.1% of the participants of the research got an observed increase in the indicator which turned out to be statistically significant (t=13.563; df=39; p<0.05). Therefore, it can be stated that running sessions have a positive impact on the level of physical fitness of combatants.

Changes in Counter Movement Jump Height, Take-off Force and Maximum Concentric Power of Collegiate Athletes After Two Sessions Per Week Plyometric Training on Different Training Surfaces

Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of two sessions per week plyometric training on different surfaces on the counter movement jump height, take-off force, and maximum concentric power of collegiate athletes.

Material and methods: Male collegiate athletes (n=24, age=18.46±1.14 years, weight=64.88±5.61 kg and height=1.72±0.07 metres)) from a physical training centre were randomly and equally assigned to three groups, each trained on different surfaces (synthetic, cinder and sand). The training intervention was implemented twice a week and lasted for 8 weeks. The athletes were tested before and after the intervention to assess changes in the performance of counter movement jump height (CMJHT), take-off force (CMJTOF) and maximum concentric power (CMJMCP).

Results: Results showed that overall measurement of CMJHT, CMJTOF and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ %=10.50; p≤0.05, Δ%=11.11; p≤0.05, Δ%=11.41). However, training surfaces have no significant effect on the improvement of the selected variables (CMJHT:F(2,21)=2.37, p=0.118, η_p²=0.184; CMJTOF:F(2,21)=1.28, p=0.299, η_p²=0.109; CMJMCP:F(2,21)=0.061, p=0.941, η_p²=0.006). Further, for the synthetic track surface group CMJHT, CMJTOF and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=16.36; p≤0.05, Δ%=17.50; p≤0.05, Δ%=17.99); for the cinder track surface group CMJHT and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=9.15; p≤0.05, Δ%=10.33) and for the sand surface group only CMJHT improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=5.68).

Conclusions: The findings suggest that plyometric training on different surfaces can effectively improve athletic performance, but the specific surface type does not appear to impact the outcomes significantly. The study further suggested analysing the injury risk associated with plyometric training on various training surfaces and discovering the optimal training surface for minimising injury risk while maximising performance gains.

Stakeholders’ Awareness, Understanding, and Acceptability of the Goals and Objectives of a Sports Science and Exercise Program: Basis for Formative Curriculum Evaluation

Marites S. Florentino — Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the awareness, understanding, and acceptability of the goals and objectives of a sports science program in the Cagayan State University, Philippines among stakeholders, including students, faculty, and industry professionals.

Material and Methods: A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 342 stakeholders. The questionnaire consisted of items related to stakeholders' demographic profile, awareness and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, and their acceptability of the program.

Results: Results showed that stakeholders had a moderate level of awareness, acceptability, and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, with internal stakeholders having higher understanding in general than external stakeholders.

Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a need to improve communication and collaboration between the program and external stakeholders to increase their understanding and acceptance of the program's goals and objectives. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for formative curriculum evaluation and curriculum improvement, enabling the program to better meet the needs of students and the industry.

Study of the psychomotor abilities of athletes in cyclic sports, martial arts and esports

Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of psychomotor abilities in athletes of cyclic sports (short track), martial arts (karate, taekwondo) and esports (CS:GO).

Materials, participants and methods: The study involved athletes of percussion martial arts (n=10, age 18,9±0,12, candidates for master of sports), elite players of semi-professional CS:GO teams (n=10, age 19,2±0,50), short track speed skaters (n=10, age 19±0,09, masters of sports). The choice reaction time, the frequency of local movements (60-second tapping test), and the reaction time to a change in the size of the object (Size-test) were determined.

Research results. Esports athletes have the best reaction time of choice and tapping test compared to other athletes. The wrestlers showed the best reaction to distinguishing the size of an object in the Size-Test. Skaters have high rates of complex reaction time and frequency of movements. The duration of the tapping test has a likely inverse relationship with the frequency of tapping.

Conclusions. It was found that esports athletes have a significantly better choice reaction time (p<0,05) than martial arts athletes. The results of short track skaters do not have significant differences with martial arts and esports athletes (p>0.05). The results of the tapping test in terms of the total number of movements and the average number for 5 s in esports athletes tend to be higher compared to short track speed skaters and martial arts athletes. The fastest response time to a change in the size of an object in the Size-test was shown by martial arts athletes, the slowest by short-track skaters. This reflects the trend towards better results of this type of reaction in martial arts athletes compared to short track speed skaters and esports athletes.

Assessment of educators’ physical activity in conditions of social isolation

Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: To assess the educators’ physical activity in the conditions of social isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic with the use of data on daily energy costs in the dynamics of 16 years.

Material &methods. To solve the problems, the data of 925 teachers of preschool and general secondary education institutions were analyzed (436 people – in 2005, 404 people – in 2018, 85 people – in 2021). Age composition of the participants of the scientific observation: I age group (I AG) up to 31 years old – 165 people (17.84 %), II age group (II AG) 31-40 years old – 271 people (29.30 %), III age group (III AG) 41-50 years old – 253 people (27.35 %), IV age group (IV AG) older than 50 years – 236 people (25.51 %). Among the teachers, 690 people (74.59 %) were residents of the regional center, 207 (22.38 %) were residents of district centers, and 28 (3.03 %) were residents of rural areas. The following methods were used during the study: questionnaire; natural experiment; statistical processing of the received data.

Results. The study revealed a tendency towards a decrease in the average values of teachers’ energy expenditure of daily physical activity from 2005 (2818.78±38.32 kcal) to 2021 (2804.03±20.77 (F_2005-2021=14.049; p=0.000)) and a natural decrease in the average value of the indicator of energy expenditure of daily physical activity during the distance learning (2412.34±21.08 kcal) by 13.96 % compared with the similar indicator during the traditional form of learning in 2021 (2804.03±20.77 kcal), (t _offline_-_online =34.913; p=0.000).

Conclusions. In the dynamics of the studied period, there is a decrease in the average values of teachers’ energy expenditure of daily physical activity from 2005 (2818.78±38.32 kcal) to 2021 (2804.03±20.77 (F_2005-2021=14.049; p=0.000)).

The average value of the indicator of daily energy expenditure for physical activity during the distance learning (2412.34±21.08 kcal) is 13.96 % lower, compared with the similar indicator of teachers’ work using the traditional form of learning in 2021 (2804.03±20.77 kcal), (t _{offline - online}=34,913; p=0,000).

Evaluation of the functional state of taekwondo athletes 7-13 years old according to the indicators of the finger-tapping test

Mon, 20 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Background and Study Aim. The functional state of organs and systems determines the level of preparedness of athletes in modern sports. The evaluation of the state of the central nervous system is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the results of the tapping test of taekwondo athletes of different ages.

Material and Methods. 42 taekwondo athletes were divided into groups of 14 people depending on age: group 1 - (7.50±0.14) years, group 2 - (10.07±0.22) years, group 3 - (13.36±0.27) years. Participants of groups 1 and 2 were engaged in the amateur level, and group 3 had a skill level of 2 Gup - 1 Dan. A special computer program for devices with the iOS operating system was used. An Apple tablet was used - iPad, 4th generation with a screen diagonal of 9.7 inches. The finger-tapping test was carried out for 60 s, 12 subtests of 5 s each. For analysis, we evaluated the total number of depressions during the entire test, the average number of depressions per 5 s, the number of depressions in each subtest, the duration of depressions in each subtest, and the dynamic performance index (DPI). Group results were compared using the nonparametric Rosenbaum test (Q) and sign test (z).

Results. It was found that the athletes of the 2nd group performed more depressions in the test as a whole and in 11 out of 12 subtests compared with the athletes of the 1st group. Comparison of the middle and senior groups also confirmed the best results of the athletes of the senior group in 6 subtests out of 12. The senior athletes had a longer duration of depressions in 2 subtests. The most pronounced differences were established when comparing the results of the junior and senior groups. A significant excess in the number of depressions was confirmed for senior athletes in all subtests. The duration of depressing was longer in senior athletes in 2 subtests. A significant reduction in the number of depressions from the beginning to the end of the test was determined. Changes in the duration of depressions were opposite, and the time increased from the beginning to the end of the test.

Conclusions. The presence of a direct dependence of the results of the finger-tapping test of taekwondo athletes on age is determined. An increase in the number of depressions in the test, an increase in the integral criterion - an indicator of dynamic performance was determined. The results reflect an increase in the strength of nervous processes, positive changes in the functional state under the influence of regular training loads. This condition should be evaluated as a predictor of the success of taekwondo athletes. The computer version of the test is mobile, informative and valid. It can be used in monitoring the functional state of combat sports athletes.

IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND SPORTS REHABILITATION ON THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF COMBATANTS

Nataliia Krushynska

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPRINT TRAINING AND BONE HEALTH –A LITERATURE REVIEW

MRS, Mr. , Dr.

PURPOSE -This study aims to determine the connection between sprint training and bone health.

MATERIAL AND METHODS - A search of the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Pedro was conducted from January 2009 to February 2023. The full text of all potentially relevant studies were obtained and then evaluated by three independent reviewers for inclusion.

RESULT – This review of eight studies, found that sprint training has positive effects on bone health and its characteristics like increased bone mineral density, better bone strength and structure, and decreased risk of fractures in elderly populations.

CONCLUSION- The most fundamental conclusion that can be drawn from this review is that sprint training has a significant impact on bone health and can improve it by the use of various mechanisms.

Study of indicators of heart rate variability of acrobats at the stages of long-term training in the aspect of sexual dimorphism

Наталія Вероніка Бачинська

Мета: вивчення та порівняльна характеристика типових значень показників варіабельності ритму серця (ВРС) спортсменів, що спеціалізуються в парно-груповій акробатиці, з урахуванням віку, особливостей статевого диморфізму на різних етапах багаторічної підготовки для розробки диференційованих тренувальних програм. Матеріал і методи: у дослідженні прийняли участь акробати обох статей, різної спортивної кваліфікації, наступних етапів багаторічної підготовки: 1) група навчальної підготовки 9-11 років: дівчата (n=38), хлопці (n=38); групи спортивного вдосконалення 12-15 років: дівчата (n=36), хлопці (n=36); 3) групи вищої спортивної майстерності 16-23 роки: дівчата (n=32), хлопці (n=32). Методи дослідження: системно-функціональний аналіз спеціальної літератури; показники варіабельності серцевого ритму (ВСР); методи математичної статистики. Результати: у акробатів 9-11 років у групах з вираженим переважанням центральної регуляції та з помірним переважанням автономної регуляції, виявлено тенденцію до збільшення показників ЧСС, SI, HF, LF, зменшення значень RR, ТР, VLF, ULF. Гендерна порівняльна характеристика виявила у групі з помірною перевагою центральної регуляції у дівчаток менш напружені кардіорегуляторні системи, ніж у хлопчиків, але статистично достовірних відмінностей не виявлено (р>0,05). У юнаків-акробатів 12-15 років виявлено вікове поступове, статистично високо значиме (р<0,05) зниження вегетативних впливів на ритм серця та збільшення напруги регуляторних систем, в порівнянні з акробатами 16-23 роки. У дівчат при переході з груп спортивного вдосконалення (13-15 років) до групи вищої спортивної майстерності (16-22 роки) вегетативні впливи на ритм серця та міра напруги регуляторних систем, залишалися без суттєвих статистично значущіх змін (р>0,5). Висновки: у кожній з вікових та гендерних груп на різних етапах багаторічного вдосконалення було виділено акробатів з різним типом регуляції – центральним або автономним. Достовірна інтерпретація результатів у кожній з вікових груп необхідна за умов урахування функціонального стану та рівня розвитку регуляторних систем. Отримані результати дозволять створити методологічну основу та розробити індивідуальні програми навантажень, що відповідають функціональному стану кожного спортсмена, з урахуванням гендерних особливостей для кожної з вікових груп (9-11, 12-15 та 16-23 роки) та етапів багаторічного вдосконалення.

Purpose: study and comparative characterization of typical values of heart rate variability (HRV) indicators of athletes specializing in pair-group acrobatics, taking into account age, features of sexual dimorphism at various stages of multi-year training for the development of differentiated training programs. Material and methods: acrobats of both sexes, of different sports qualifications, of the following stages of long-term training took part in the study: 1) group of training 9-11 years old: girls (n=38), boys (n=38); sports improvement groups aged 12-15: girls (n=36), boys (n=36); 3) groups of higher sports skills aged 16-23: girls (n=32), boys (n=32). Results: among acrobats 9-11 years old in groups with a pronounced predominance of central regulation and with a moderate predominance of autonomous regulation, a tendency to increase HR, SI, HF, LF, and decrease RR, ТР, VLF, ULF values was revealed. Gender comparative characteristics showed that in the group with a moderate advantage of central regulation, girls had less intense cardioregulatory systems than boys, but no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). Age-gradual, statistically highly significant (p<0.05) decrease in vegetative effects on heart rhythm and increase in tension of regulatory systems was found in young acrobats aged 12-15 years, compared to acrobats aged 16-23 years. In girls, during the transition from the groups of sports improvement (13-15 years) to the group of higher sports skills (16-22 years), the vegetative effects on the heart rhythm and the degree of tension of the regulatory systems remained without significant statistically significant changes (р>0.5). Conclusions: in each of the age and gender groups, at different stages of multi-year improvement, acrobats with a different type of regulation - central or autonomous - were identified.

Key words: heart rate variability, acrobats, physical activity, sexual dimorphism, long-term training.

Changes in Counter Movement Jump Height, Take-off Force and Maximum Concentric Power of Collegiate Athletes After Two Sessions Per Week Plyometric Training on Different Training Surfaces

This study aimed to examine the effects of two sessions per week plyometric training on different surfaces on the counter movement jump height, take-off force, and maximum concentric power of collegiate athletes. Male athletes (n=24) from a physical training centre were randomly and equally assigned to three groups, each trained on different surfaces (synthetic, cinder and sand). The training intervention was implemented twice a week and lasted for 8 weeks. The athletes were tested before and after the intervention to assess changes in the performance of counter movement jump height (CMJHT), take-off force (CMJTOF) and maximum concentric power (CMJMCP). Results showed that overall measurement of CMJHT, CMJTOF and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ %=10.50; p≤0.05, Δ%=11.11; p≤0.05, Δ%=11.41). However, training surfaces have no significant effect on the improvement of the selected variables (CMJHT:F(2,21)=2.37, p=0.118, η_p²=0.184; CMJTOF:F(2,21)=1.28, p=0.299, η_p²=0.109; CMJMCP:F(2,21)=0.061, p=0.941, η_p²=0.006). Further, for the synthetic track surface group CMJHT, CMJTOF and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=16.36; p≤0.05, Δ%=17.50; p≤0.05, Δ%=17.99); for the cinder track surface group CMJHT and CMJMCP improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=9.15; p≤0.05, Δ%=10.33) and for the sand surface group only CMJHT improved significantly (p≤0.05, Δ%=5.68). The findings suggest that plyometric training on different surfaces can effectively improve athletic performance, but the specific surface type does not appear to impact the outcomes significantly. The study further suggested analysing the injury risk associated with plyometric training on various training surfaces and discovering the optimal training surface for minimising injury risk while maximising performance gains.

Study of the psychomotor abilities of athletes in cyclic sports, martial arts and esports

Світлана

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of psychomotor abilities in athletes of cyclic sports (short track), martial arts (karate, taekwondo) and esports (CS:GO). Materials, participants and methods: The study involved athletes of percussion martial arts (n=10, age 18,9±0,12, candidates for master of sports), elite players of semi-professional CS:GO teams (n=10, age 19,2±0,50), short track speed skaters (n=10, age 19±0,09, masters of sports). The choice reaction time, the frequency of local movements (60-second tapping test), and the reaction time to a change in the size of the object (Size-test) were determined. Research results. Esports athletes have the best reaction time of choice and tapping test compared to other athletes. The wrestlers showed the best reaction to distinguishing the size of an object in the Size-Test. Skaters have high rates of complex reaction time and frequency of movements. The duration of the tapping test has a likely inverse relationship with the frequency of tapping. Conclusions. It was found that esports athletes have a significantly better choice reaction time (p<0,05) than martial arts athletes. The results of short track skaters do not have significant differences with martial arts and esports athletes (p>0.05). The results of the tapping test in terms of the total number of movements and the average number for 5 s in esports athletes tend to be higher compared to short track speed skaters and martial arts athletes. The fastest response time to a change in the size of an object in the Size-test was shown by martial arts athletes, the slowest by short-track skaters. This reflects the trend towards better results of this type of reaction in martial arts athletes compared to short track speed skaters and esports athletes

Key words: choice reaction time, tapping test, Size-test, martial arts, sports, short track

Study of indicators of heart rate variability of acrobats at the stages of long-term training in the aspect of sexual dimorphism

Наталія Вероніка Бачинська

The use of Moodle for distance physical training of future ship navigators

Alona Yurzhenko, Olena Diahyleva, Vladyslav Khomenko, Valeriy Svirida

Purpose: to investigate the impact of Moodle-supported physical training of future ship navigators on their physical development.

Material and methods: 149 cadets of Navigation department of Kherson State Maritime Academy took part in the research on the use of MOODLE for distance physical training. Their body mass index of every cadet was measured before and after the experiment. After the experiment, they answer the questions in special survey on Moodle. It was done to get the feedback from experiment participants. Theoretical analysis of modern scientific literature, survey in Moodle, statistical analysis of received data were used in the research.

Results: The positive changes in body mass indexes of future ship navigators were indicated after the experiment improved health and increased energy of participants. Moodle helped to organize e-learning on Physical Training subject at maritime higher education institution.

Conclusions: It is important to continue physical training even while distance learning. Learning management systems help to organize the classes. E-courses contain all necessary information in one place and can be attended by authorized members of institutions asynchronically. Moodle proposes many useful activities and resources for physical training teachers with possibility to receive feedback from their cadets.

Модельні показники виконання стандартних положень в зоні атаки, їх динаміка та вплив на кінцевий результат в іграх чемпіонату світу з футболу 2022 року в Катарі

serhii lebediev

Abstract.

Purpose: визначити кількісні та якісні показники виконання стандартних положень в зоні атаки, їх динаміку та вплив на кінцевий результат в іграх чемпіонату світу з футболу 2022 року в Катарі.

Material and methods: у дослідженні приймали участь професійні футболісти збірних команд фінальної частини чемпіонату світу 2022 р. Було зареєстровано виконання стандартних положень в зоні атаки в 64 матчах. Під час проведення дослідження застосовувались наступні методи: вивчення літературних джерел з даної тематики, педагогічні спостереження, методи математичної статистики. Results: виявлено, що при виконанні стандартних положень в зоні атаки було забито за весь ЧС-2022, голи: 33 (8 кутових, 17 пенальті, 8 штрафних). При виконанні штрафних та кутових ударів позитивних розіграшів було більше, ніж негативних. Збірні команди, які виграли в основний час виконували більше ударів у площину воріт після кутових ніж команди, які програли. Порівняльний аналіз показників виконання стандартних положень у зоні атаки збірних команд, які виграли та зіграли унічию показав, що штрафних ударів повз ворота та у «стінку» збірних команд, які виграли було більше, ніж у команд, які зіграли унічию.

Conclusions: доведено що, значення виконання стандартних положень в зоні атаки на чемпіонаті світу з футболу у 2022 році незаслужено зменшилось. Якщо на ЧС 2010 року зі 145 голів зі стандартних положень було забито 35 голів, на ЧС 2014 року зі 171 гола зі стандартів було забито 39, ЧС 2018 року зі 169 зі стандартних положень 62 гола, то на ЧС 2022 року зі 172 голів зі стандартів за нашими даними було забито лише 33.

Key words: стандартні положення, зона атаки, кількісні та якісні показники.

The influence of loads of various magnitudes and directions on the functional state of the visual analyzer of highly qualified female sprinters with visual impairments

Лейля Ільясівна Аджаметова

Абстрактный

Цель: определить влияние нагрузок разной величины и направления на остроту зрения высококвалифицированной спортсменки с нарушениями зрения, специализирующейся в беге на короткие дистанции.

Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось в общеподготовительном периоде годового тренировочного цикла с участием Заслуженного мастера спорта Украины по легкой атлетике среди спортсменов с нарушениями зрения. Использовались следующие методы исследования: анализ и обобщение научно-методической литературы, анализ документальных материалов (дневников и планов подготовки), педагогическое наблюдение; Педагогический эксперимент (авторский эксперимент), визометрия, методы математической статистики.

Полученные результаты. Установлено, что увеличение нагрузки отрицательно сказывается на остроте зрения. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты свидетельствуют об общей тенденции реакции обоих глаз на нагрузку различного характера.

Выводы. Использование в подготовительном периоде нагрузок силовой направленности, комплекса на выносливость, координацию и гибкость приводит к повышению остроты зрения, что в свою очередь положительно сказывается на функциональном состоянии зрительного анализатора. Большие нагрузки, направленные на скоростную выносливость и носящие скоростно-силовой характер, приводят к снижению остроты зрения и, как следствие, отрицательно сказываются на функциональном состоянии зрительного анализатора.

Ключевые слова : острота зрения, нарушение зрения, визометрия, подготовительный период.

Stakeholders’ Awareness, Understanding, and Acceptability of the Goals and Objectives of a Sports Science and Exercise Program: Basis for Formative Curriculum Evaluation

Marites Florentino

This study aimed to assess the awareness, understanding, and acceptability of the goals and objectives of a sports science program in the Cagayan State University, Philippines among stakeholders, including students, faculty, and industry professionals. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 342 stakeholders. The questionnaire consisted of items related to stakeholders' demographic profile, awareness and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, and their acceptability of the program. Results showed that stakeholders had a moderate level of awareness, acceptability, and understanding of the program's goals and objectives, with internal stakeholders having higher assessments in general than external stakeholders. The study suggests that there is a need to improve communication and collaboration between the program and external stakeholders to increase their understanding and acceptance of the program's goals and objectives. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for formative curriculum evaluation and curriculum improvement, enabling the program to better meet the needs of students and the industry.

CONSTRUCTION OF A 100-METRE RUN DYNAMICS MODEL FOR GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT STUDY PROGRAMS. ITS DYNAMICS AND FORECASTS

Віталій Гринько

Abstract. Purpose: to experimentally find out whether aerobic classes included in the program of sports-oriented table tennis groups of a higher educational institution have an effect on the speed of students (100m run) and to investigate the need to include these classes in the physical education curriculum

Materials: 106 first-year students participated in the experiment (53 – control group and 53 – experimental).

Results: at the end of the experiment (May), the results of the students of the experimental group were qualitatively different from the results of the students of the control group. The results of the experiment indicate the need to include aerobic classes in the curriculum for physical education of students in sports-oriented groups, in particular (sectional classes) table tennis. The experimental program combines a training program with a sports orientation (sectional classes) in table tennis - 75% of the total and aerobic classes (cross training and basic aerobics) - 25%.

Conclusions: this experiment proved that the development and inclusion of table tennis, aerobic classes (cross training and elements of basic aerobics) in the educational program with a sports focus (sectional classes) had a better effect on students' running of the 100m distance. In addition, the method of exponential smoothing makes it possible to predict future results. One of the advantages of the calculation method proposed in the article is that fractal analysis allows you to detect stochastic (random) time series. There is no long-term statistical dependence in such time series. Also in the work, a fractal analysis of the time series for the dynamics of the “100m Run” exercise was made and it was established that they belong to anti-persistent time series that can be predicted. The relative error of the theoretical and actual values of the dynamics of the “100m Run” exercise, which does not exceed 10%, was calculated.

CONSTRUCTION OF A 100-METRE RUN DYNAMICS MODEL FOR GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT STUDY PROGRAMS. ITS DYNAMICS AND FORECASTS

Віталій Гринько

Materials: 106 first-year students participated in the experiment (53 – control group and 53 – experimental).

Conclusions: this experiment proved that the development and inclusion of table tennis, aerobic classes (cross training and elements of basic aerobics) in the educational program with a sports focus (sectional classes) had a better effect on students' running of the 100m distance. In addition, the method of exponential smoothing makes it possible to predict future results. One of the advantages of the calculation method proposed in the article is that fractal analysis allows you to detect stochastic (random) time series. There is no long-term statistical dependence in such time series. Also in the work, a fractal analysis of the time series for the dynamics of the "100m Run" exercise was made and it was established that they belong to anti-persistent time series that can be predicted. The relative error of the theoretical and actual values of the dynamics of the “100m Run” exercise, which does not exceed 10%, was calculated.

Training Needs Of Physical Education Teachers In Jordan And Its Relationship To Some Variables

mohammad al-momani

The study aimed to identify the training needs of physical education teachers in Jordan and its relationship to some variables Academic qualification and experience, where the descriptive approach was used in addition to the use of the questionnaire as a tool for the study, which was applied to a sample of (285) male and female teachers in the second semester of the academic year (2021-2022 AD), where the study, after conducting the necessary statistical treatment, concluded that Physical education teachers in Jordan consider that they need to be trained in each of the skills studied in this study, which are: teaching planning, classroom management, classroom environment, building assessment tools and employing strategies; The study also found that there are no statistically significant differences in the training needs of physical education teachers in Jordan, which are attributed to the study variables, namely gender, academic qualification and experience