Adrenogenital syndrome: molecular mechanisms of development

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.13.2.2017.100612
Keywords:
adrenogenital syndrome, diagnosis, adrenal cortex, virilization

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V.P. Pishak
National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
M.O. Ryznychuk
Higher State Education Institution of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Abstract

On the long multistage pathway of biosynthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol to cortisol, testo­sterone and estradiol, due to mutations in genes, there is the deficiency of steroidogenesis enzymes in the adrenal glands: cholesterol desmolase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 21-hydroxylase, and enzymes of steroidogenesis in the testis: 17,20-desmolasis, 17β-hydroxystyrol dehydroreductase and others, as well as a complex of widespread congenital diseases of heterogeneous group with autosomal recessive type of inheritance — adrenogenital syndrome (AGS). Deficiency of any of these enzymes or transport proteins leads to partial or complete loss of their activity. Phenotypic manifestations of AGS are quite polymorphic: phenomenon of hypoadrenocorticism; violation of the nature and rates of sexual development; bilateral increasing of adrenal glands; hypercorticotropinemia sensitive to dexamethasone; oligo- or amenorrhea; anovulatory infertility, miscarriage in early pregnancy. Pathogenetic component of these signs is congenital disorder of steroidogenesis caused by 11β-hydroxylase deficiency and symptoms of androgen excess. In AGS, there are distinguished a phenotype and nonclassical forms of steroidogenesis enzyme deficiency. In most cases, both types of diseases occur in persons of both sexes with different course — from mild to severe forms of the disease.

Article Details

How to Cite
Pishak, V., and M. Ryznychuk. “Adrenogenital Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms of Development”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine), vol. 13, no. 2, May 2017, pp. 195-02, doi:10.22141/2224-0721.13.2.2017.100612.
Issue
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2017)
Section
Literature Review
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