Chronic monocytic leukemia with transformation into acute monocytic leukemia

Authors

  • I.S. Shponka SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», Department of Internal Medicine 3, V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-6489
  • L.A. Pesotskaya SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», Department of Internal Medicine 3, V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3425-6509
  • H.S. Korolenko SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», Department of Internal Medicine 3, V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-6672
  • I.O. Hutnik SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», Department of Internal Medicine 3, V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine; Municipal non-profit enterprise "City Clinical Hospital N 2" DCC, S. Nigoiana ave., 53, Dnipro, 49000, Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-6013
  • B.V. Murashevych SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», Department of Internal Medicine 3, V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-2810
  • V.A. Nikonenko Dnipro clinical hospital on railway transport, branch "Health Center" of PJSC "Ukrzaliznytsya", D. Kedrina str., 55, Dnipro, 49000, Ukraine , Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.1.227934

Keywords:

chronic myelomonocytic leukosis, dysplasia, acute monocytic leukosis

Abstract

Chronic myelomonocytic leukosis (CMML) is rarely diagnosed and amounts to 1 per 100 thousand of adults per year, more often in men over 60 years.  The clinical case of the rare, prolonged course of myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukosis (MD-CMML) in a middle-aged woman with rapid transformation into acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5в) with the atypical fulminant course is presented. A retrospective analysis of the course of the disease drew attention to the severe vasculitis suffered by the patient 19 years ago, which could be regarded as the debut of CML in the presence of characteristic pathological changes in the hemogram. Non-pronounced clinical manifestations in the form of moderate cervical lymphadenopathy, skin lesions in the form of transient erythema, spotty eruptions over the next 10 years, fit into the clinical picture of MD-CMML. A detailed picture of the disease was observed after viral infection, bronchitis, antibiotic therapy. Absence of significant blastemia and severe inhibition of normal hematopoiesis with expressed extramedular manifestations of the disease in the patient were not typical for the course of AMoL-M5b in this case. The progression of skin lesions was noteworthy, which gave reason for unfavorable prognosis.  For several weeks, the spread of erythematous elements was observed throughout the body with itching, not controlled by antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs; the appearance of maculopapular rashes, merging in places; small-point hemorrhages like vasculitis over the entire surface of the skin. Notable was the development of severe hemorrhagic syndrome without severe thrombocytopenia, significant changes in the coagulogram, as a manifestation of early severe coagulopathy.

References

Kuvshinnikov VA, Ustinovich AA, Shenets SG, Digoeva AK. [Morphological features of hematopoiesis in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. Meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2019;1:16-20. Russian. Available from: http://rep.bsmu.by/handle/BSMU/23027

[Myelodysplastic syndrome in adults]. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Moskva; 2014. Russian. Available from: http://www.fesmu.ru/SITE/files/editor/file/fpk_pps/rv49.pdf

Kosanova AK, Sabyirbaeva GA, Gabbasova EZ, Sheriyazdan ZhS, Alimgazieva KT, Myirzabaeva MB, et al. [Morphological features of hematopoiesis in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. Vestnik KazNMU. 2015;1:134-5. Russian.

[Order N 647 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine On approval of clinical protocols for providing medical care to patients in the specialty "Hematology" dated 30.07.2010]. (2010). Ukrainian. Available from: http://moz.gov.ua

Chernova NG, Sinicina MN, Davirnyk VN, Kovrigina AV, Zvonkov EE, Parovichnikova EZ. [Skin lesion in acute monoblastic leukemia (clinical observations)]. Vestnik dermatologi i venerologii. 2017;1:46-50. Russian.

Suborceva IN, Melikyan AL. [Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative diseases]. Onkogematologiya. 2016;4:8-17. Russian.

doi: https://doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2016-11-4-8-17

Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia. National Cancer Institute. 2020. [Internet]. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53b1/

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Subtypes and Prognostic Factors. American Cancer Society. [Internet]. 2018. Available from:

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html

Gluzman DE, Sklyarenko LM, Zavalevich MP, et al. Hematological malignancies in Chernobyl clean-up workers (1996-2010). J. Hematol. Malignancies. 2012;2:43-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.5430/jhm.v2n4p43

Mihova D. M5b. Acute monocytic leukemia (M5b). Pathology Outlines.com. [Internet]. 2020. Available from: http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/leukemiaacutemonocyticleukemiam5b.html

Nikhil S. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). 2011 Aug. Available from: http://www.pathologyoutlines.com

Geyer JT, Tam W, Liu YC, Chen Z, Wang SA, Bueso-Ramos C, et al. Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia without absolute monocytosis) displays a similar clinicopathologic and mutational profile to classical chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Mod Pathol. 2017 Sep;30(9):1213-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2017.45

Downloads

Published

2021-03-26

How to Cite

1.
Shponka I, Pesotskaya L, Korolenko H, Hutnik I, Murashevych B, Nikonenko V. Chronic monocytic leukemia with transformation into acute monocytic leukemia . Med. perspekt. [Internet]. 2021Mar.26 [cited 2024Mar.29];26(1):78-84. Available from: https://journals.uran.ua/index.php/2307-0404/article/view/227934

Issue

Section

CLINICAL MEDICINE