INFLUENCE OF GROWTH STIMULATOR MET ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF BUCKWHEAT

The efficacy of application of MET at different concentrations on some morphological and physiological traits of buckwheat variety Yunchao-5 was studied. The results demonstrated efficacy of MET to reduce plant height and increase stem thickness. The experiments showed that the most efficient action was recorded in the variant with the MET concentration of 200 mg / L, which substantially increased values of such traits as the grain number and 1000 seed weight. A gain in grain yield by 58.9% was also observed.

Introduction.Buckwheat is one of the major cereals in China.Buckwheat is highly digestible, nutritious and of good taste, and in terms of nutritional value and dietary qualities is a valuable food product.It has a high nutritional value because of its intrinsic ratio between essential amino acids in protein as well as because of certain medicinal properties [1].
Analysis of publications, pose the problem.Observation during buckwheat vegetation demonstrated that one week after MET treatment leaf color began to change from light-green to dark-green, and 10 days after treatment leaves were dense dark green.Leaf blade became thicker, and leaf edges were slightly curved [2].Superoxide dismutase (SOD). is one of the most important enzymes that prevent free radical oxidation in plants.Together with catalase and other antioxidant enzymes, it protects the organism from constantly forming highly toxic oxygen radicals [3,4].Superoxide dismutase catalyses dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.Thus, it plays an important role in antioxidant protection of virtually all cells that are one way or another are in contact with oxygen [5,6].
The aim and tasks of the study.Investigation of effects of the growth regulator MET on buckwheat morpho-physiological traits and yield capacity. Determination of an optimum concentration to achieve the maximum economic benefit from application of MET.
Material and methods.The investigations were carried out in 2012-2013 at the Experimental Station of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Plot soil is leached black earth with humus content of 2.35%, the stock of total nitrogen in topsoil is 0.12%, mobile nitrogen -7.25 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus -183.7 mg / kg.
Planting was carried out in open ground, upon sowing urea in the dose of 1.7 g / m 2 and superphosphate in the dose of 3.3 g / m 2 were introduced.During the flowering phase liquid fertilization with urea in the dose of 0.6 g / m 2 and superphosphate in the dose of 3.2 g / m 2 was carried out.The experiment included five variants with various concentrations of MET: 0, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg / L in the form of aqueous solution at the volume of 60 mL.Each variant had five plants per container in triplicate.During the experiment plant height and stem thickness were measured; chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plants were evaluated.The yield as well as other quantitative traits was recorded at the end, upon harvesting.
Results and Discussion.The analysis of the dynamics of buckwheat plant growth across the experimental variants (Table 1, Fig. 1) shows that with increasing concentration of MET buckwheat height significantly reduced.The maximum effect of preparation MET on lowering buckwheat plant height was observed 20 days after treatment.Then there was a gradual decrease in the MET efficacy.It was experimentally established that with the concentration of MET of 150 mg / L buckwheat plant height decreased by 12.6 cm, or by 12% compared to the standard, and the MET concentration of 300 mg / L reduced plant height by 29.2 cm, or by 28% compared to the standard.
The analysis of the dynamics of buckwheat stem thickness (Table 2; Fig. 2) across the experimental variants showed that increase in MET caused a rise in buckwheat stem thickness.The maximum stem thickness was achieved on day 20 after treatment.The treatment with MET in the concentration of 150 mg / L contributed to the increase in buckwheat stem thickness by 0.057 cm, or by 6% compared to the standard, and the treatment with MET in the concentration of 300 mg / L provided buckwheat stem thickening by 0.198 cm, or by 27% compared to the standard.Effect of MET on chlorophyll content at the beginning of the flowering phase.We analyzed chlorophyll content in the third leaf; samples were taken from the middle part of a leaf blade.The analysis of chlorophyll content in buckwheat leaves across the experimental variants showed that chlorophyll content in all the MET-treated variants exceeded the standard value.It was found that chlorophyll content in the variant with the MET concentration of 200 mg / L on day 10, day 20 and day 30 after treatment was higher by 20.1%, 26% and 17.5% than the standard, respectively.In the variant with the MET concentration of 250 mg / L chlorophyll content was slightly inferior to the variant with the concentration of 200 mg / L (Table 3).

Superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Our studies revealed influence of the preparation MET on SOD activity in leaves (Table 4).The results showed that superoxide dismutase activity after emergence of inflorescences gradually decreased, regardless of MET treatment.However, its activity slowly dropped upon MET treatment in the concentrations of 200 mg / L and 250 mg / L. SOD activity in the variant with the MET concentration of 200 mg / L exceeded the standard on 18.08, 28.08 and 07.09 by 1.97, 1.45 and 1.51 units of activity per fresh weight, respectively.When analyzing one-plant weight across the variants with various concentrations of MET (150 mg / L, 200 mg / L and 250 mg / L), we found that in all the variants values exceeded the standard ones (Table 5).The yiled in the variant with the concentration of 250 mg / L was the highest and exceeded the standard by 2.26 g or by 61.9%, while in the variant with the MET concentration of 300 mg / L the yield values were below the standard.1000 grain weight in the variants with the concentrations of 200 mg / L and 250 mg / L was higher in comparison with other variants.The grain number per plant was higher than the standard one in the variants with the MET concentration of 150 mg / L and 200 mg / L, while in other variants it was lower.Grain weight per plant significantly exceeded the standard value only in the variant with the MET concentration of 200 mg / L. In other cases there was no significant difference.demonstrated the efficacy of MET to reduce plant height and to increase stem thickness.When MET being applied at the concentration of 150 mg / L, buckwheat height decreased by 12.6 cm, or by 12% compared to the standard, the concentration of 300 mg / L caused the reduction in height by 29.2 cm, or by 28% compared to the standard.In addition, there were positive correlations between increasing concentrations of MET and stem thickening, between increasing concentrations of MET and rise in chlorophyll content, and between increasing concentrations of MET and decline in SOD activity.It was found that the MET concentration of 200 mg / L was the most effective.In the variant with this concentration the grain amount and 1000 grain weight significantly increased; the gain in grain yield by 58.9% was also observed.Conclusions.The study results showed that buckwheat plants treated with growth stimulator MET had increased lodging-resistance due to a thickened stem and reduced height.Application of MET on buckwheat plants demonstrated efficacy of the concentration of 200 mg / L, when plants were grown only on fertile soil; this approach was ineffective for unfertile soil.
MET treatment increased chlorophyll content in the budding phase and improved photosynthetic activity in buckwheat leaves as well SOD effectiveness.As a result, MET treatment increased plant performance and, thus, enhanced yield capacity.

Table 1 Dynamics of reduction in buckwheat stem height across the experimental variants, %
Dynamics of buckwheat plant height across the experimental variants.

Table 2 Dynamics of enlargement in buckwheat stem thickness across the experimental variants, cm
Dynamics of buckwheat stem thickness across the experimental variants.

aim and tasks of the study.
Investigation of effects of the growth regulator MET on buckwheat morpho-physiological traits and yield capacity. Determination of an optimum concentration to achieve the maximum economic benefit from application of MET.Material and methods.The test buckwheat varietyreleased in China variety Yunchao-5.The experiments were laid out in 2012-2013 at the Experimental Station of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Planting was carried out in open ground.Experience has five options with various concentrations MET: 0, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg / L, an aqueous solution volume of 60ml.The experiment included five variants with various concentrations of MET: 0, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg / L in the form of aqueous solution at the volume of 60 mL.Each variant had five plants per container in triplicate.During the experiment plant height and stem thickness were measured; chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plants were evaluated.The yield as well as other quantitative traits was recorded at the end, upon harvesting.Results and Discussion.The efficacy of various concentrations of MET on some buckwheat morpho-physiological traits was experimentally studied.The results of these experiments