Q

The problem of myocardium infraction (MI) remains actually. An early postinfraction period is characterized with intensive remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) and high risk of dangerous complications that is ten times more than the monthly number of complications during the next year. The aim of research was the study of an influence of beta-1 adrenoreceptors on the heart rhythm variability, ectopic heart activity, daily profile of arterial pressure, postinfraction remodeling in patients with an acute Q-myocardium infraction.  Methods . There were examined 235 patients with Q-myocardium infraction. There was evaluated the risk of forming LV aneurism, dynamic indices of combined daily monitoring of arterial pressure and electrocardiogram, echocardiography under influence of the complex treatment using beta-1 adrenoreceptors blockers. Results . Under an influence of treatment there was established the growth of temporal indices of the heart rhythm variability (HRV), spectral indices that present the parasympathetic influence on the background of decrease of the spectral components of sympathetic origin and mean HR, decrease of ectopic heart activity, normalization of daily profile of arterial pressure, improvement of systolic and diastolic function of LV. Conclusions . The use of beta-1 adrenoreceptors in the complex treatment of patients with acute Q-MI decreases the risk of forming LV aneurism, favors an improvement of HRV indices, ectopic heart activity, daily profile of arterial pressure, intracardiac hemodynamics


AC78 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS DECEMBER 2012
4. The TEST signal to the 8088 comes from BUSY of the 8087.By deactivating (going low) the BUSY signal, the 8087 informs the 8088 that it finished execution of the instruction which it has been WAITing for.5. RQ/GT1 (request/grant) of the 8088 is connected to RQ/GTO of the 8087, allowing them to arbitrate mastery over the buses.There are two sets of RQ/GT: RQ/GT1 and RQ/GTO .RQ/GT1 of the 8087 is not used and is connected to Vcc permanently.This extra RQ/GT is provided in case there is a third microprocessor connected to the local bus.6.Both the 8088 and 8087 share buses ADO -AD7 and A8 -A19, allowing either one to access memory.Since the 8087 is designed for both the 8088 and 8086, signal BHE is provided for the 8086 processor.It is connected to Vcc if the 8087 is used with the 8088.If the microprocessor used was an 8086, BHE from the 8086 is connected to BHE of the 8087.7. INT of the 8087 is an output signal indicating error conditions, also called exceptions, such as divide by zero.Error conditions are given in the status word.Assuming the bit for that error is not masked and an interrupt is enabled, whenever any of these errors occurs, the 8087 automatically activates the INT pin by putting high on it.In the IBM PC and compatibles, this signal is connected to the NMI circuitry as discussed in Chapter 14.Since there is only one INT for all error conditions (exceptions) of the 8087, it is up to the programmer to write a program to check the status word to see which has caused the error.8.The 8088, often called the host processor, must be connected in maximum mode to be able to accommodate a coprocessor such as the 8087.

B. Explain the various transcendental instructions of 8087.
Ans: In this group there are instructions to compute the value of Y and X which forms the sides of a right angled triangle, given the value of the angle θ.

Ans:
It is a program which allows user to test and debug programs.All computers including microprocessor kits provide debugging facility.To detect errors a program can be tested in single steps.Each step of the program is executed and tested.The debugger allows the user to examine the contents of registers and memory locations after each step of execution.This also provides facility to insert breakpoint in the programs.
(ii) Assembling a program

Ans:
An assembler or macro-assembler generally forms a part of the operating system.Which translates a assembly language program into machine language program. (

1 . 1 B.
FPTAN: Computes the partial tangent, given θ value.2. FPATAN: Computes the partial arc-tangent, given Y and X values.3. FYL2X: Computes YxLog 2 X, given Y and X value.4. FYL2XP1: Computes YxLog 2 (X + 1), given Y and X values.5. F2XM1: Computes 2 X -1, given X value.C. Explain data types in 8087.Ans: Page no.207 of textbook 1 Q.6 A. Write an 8086 assembly language program to compute LCM of two 16 bit unsigned integers.Ans: Page no.275 of Textbook Explain the following: (i) Debugging a program Using DOS function call, write a C program to obtain the attributes of a file.Message should be displayed on the screen.If the file is not found, suitable error message has to be displayed.There was no fast and reliable way to switch back to real mode from protected mode.Currently the 80286 protected mode is not used by x86 operating systems.All modern 32-bit x86-based operating systems use 80386 protected mode that was introduced by next generation of Intel x86 processors.The Intel 80286 microprocessor included new protected mode and all real-mode instructions that were introduced by 80186/80188 processors.Execution time of many real-mode instructions was reduced.Execution time of instructions was significantly reduced.Many load, store and arithmetic instructions executed in just one cycle (assuming that the data was already in the cache).Intel 486 featured much faster bus transfers -1 CPU cycle as opposed to two or more CPU cycles for the 80386 bus.Floating-point unit was integrated into 80486DX CPUs.This eliminated delay in communications between the CPU and FPU.Furthermore, all floating-point instructions were optimized -they required fewer number of CPU cycles to execute.Power management features and System Management Mode (SMM) became a standard feature of the processor.A few different variations of the 80486 microprocessors were produced.Two most common versions are 80486DX with integrated FPU and 80486SX without integrated FPU.There were also low power versions and embedded 80486 microprocessors.Intel 80486 microprocessor was produced at speeds up to 100 MHz.AMD produced even faster 120 and 133 MHz versions of the 80486, and manufactured in small quantities 150 MHz and possibly 166 MHz versions.C.Explain the salient features of Pentium.
iii) Linking a programAns:A large program is divided in smaller programs known as modules.A linker is a program which links smaller programs together to form a large program.While developing a program subroutines, which are stored in library file, are frequently used in the program.The linker also links these subroutines with the main program.Ans: Program 3.15 on Page no.118 of Textbook 2 B. Explain the features of BIOS and DOS services.Ans: Page no.356-363 of Textbook 1 Q.9 A. Explain privilege and protection features of 80286.Ans: 9.6-9.7 on Page no.463-470 of Textbook 2 B. Compare 80286 and 80486 processors.Ans: Page no.557 of Textbook 2