Genetical variety of mycobacterium tuberculosis and their epidemiological and clinical meaning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2015.38954Keywords:
tuberculosis mycobacterium, genotypes, epidemiology, Beijing, LA-M, Haarlem, prevalence, clinical featuresAbstract
The morbidity of tuberculosis in recent years declined slightly and is about 8 million cases per year, however, the effectiveness of TB patients’ treatment remains unsatisfactory. This may be connected with the peculiarities of the pathogen, so a deeper study of the causative agent of tuberculosis helps to understand the nature of the adverse epidemic situation and partly the reasons for ineffective treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Aim. To analyze the prevalence of genotypes in different countries, to identify the most epidemiologically and clinically significant genotypes.
Methods. The most commonly used methods i IS6110 RFLP, spoligotyping and VNTR. Currently we have a great experience to create an international online-database of results of many researches, it was found more than 2000 different genotypes.
Result. The most common genotype is W (Beijing), that is common in China - up to 90 %, on the territory of the former CIS countries – 30–60 %, the least common in parts of Europe and Central America, such as Honduras, as well as in Ireland , Germany and others. It is also quite common is the genotype LA-M, is more common in Honduras, Brazil, Ukraine and the United States – 55 %, 26.9 %, 26.4 % and 17.3 %, respectively, is less common in Germany and China. Haarlem genotype just found in almost all countries, but the most widely it is in Germany - about 30 %, slightly less in Greece, the United States, Honduras and other countries.
Conclusion. Some genotypes are specific to concrete regions, others, by contrast, are widely distributed and the most widely used code names. Beijing genotype is often associated with MDR-TB and often causes more severe forms of tuberculosis
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