ScienceRise: Biological Science

Content of macro- and microelements in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis and under the influence of lemna minor

Alevtyna Kononenko, Vira Kravchenko — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The aim was to study the effect of aqueous extract and 30 % alcohol tincture of Lemna minor frond (AELM and TLM) on the content of macro- and microelements in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.

Materials and methods. The effect of AELM and TLM was studied in a model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats, induced by immunization with human thyroid antigen. The serum levels of total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, antibodies to thyroglobulin, antibodies to thyroperoxidase, and concentrations of macro- and microelements were studied.

Results. The development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis led to a decrease in the content of total thyroxine and antibodies to thyroperoxidase in the blood serum, an increase in the content of antibodies to thyroglobulin and a decrease in the concentrations of sodium, chlorine, potassium phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron and magnesium. It was found that the use of AELM and TLM against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis led to the restoration of T4 and elemental balance in rats, which was manifested in an increase in the content of sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and calcium in the blood serum. It was also shown that TLM had a more powerful effect on the normalisation of the content of such elements as chlorine, potassium, copper and zinc. The obtained effect of AELM and TLM on the content of macro- and microelements in the blood serum of animals with experimental AIT can be explained by their positive effect on the functional activity of the thyroid gland. The studied extract and tincture may also affect other physiological and biochemical processes due to the content of macro- and microelements and other biologically active substances, which requires further research.

Conclusions. Administration of AELM and TLM to rats with experimental AIT contributed to lowering the level of Anti-TG and restoring the thyroid and elemental status in the animals' blood serum. The obtained research data allow us to recommend AELM and TLM as a regulator of the elemental status of the body in case of changes in thyroid function

Peritoneal remodeling and changes in its lymphoid component in experimental modeling of adhesion disease in rats

Anastasia Paidarkina, Oksana Kushch — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Age changes, inflammatory processes, surgical interventions and heterogeneous pathological effects on the physiological processes of the peritoneum lead to certain changes in the structure of the components of the peritoneum, which leads to remodeling of the tissue structures of the abdominal cavity. According to the literature, the most frequent consequence of such remodeling of tissue structures of the peritoneum is the development of an adhesion process. To date, there are no data on the study of the lymphoid component of mesentery tissues, which is the goal of further research.

The purpose of the work: to study the process of remodeling of peritoneal tissue during experimental adhesion formation and the specificity of changes in its lymphoid component in rats compared to the norm.

Research materials and methods: preparation, macroscopic, microscopic, histological (production of film preparations), staining of preparations with hematoxylin and eosin, mathematical (morphometric grids - counting the number of immunocompetent cells per 1000 μm2 standard area), statistical processing according to Student.

Results: experimental adhesion disease is characterized by a gradual process of remodeling of the mesenteric tissues of the small intestine and, as a result, the formation of connective tissue neoplasms. The mesentery of the small intestine loses its elasticity and mobility and thickens considerably. The process of experimental adhesion formation was accompanied by dynamic changes in the number of lymphocytes.

Conclusions: these structures are thin and homogeneous on the 7th day; hard, dense and granular on the 14th day; contain solid conglomerates of heterogeneous structures on the 21st day after talc injection. The number of lymphocytes in this structure gradually increases: on day 7 - by 2 % in animals of group II, on day 14 - by 30 % in animals of group III, and on day 21 - by 36 % in animals of group IV, compared to animals of the intact group

Biological indicators and commercial exploitation of main fish and river crayfish species of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Aim: To analyze and summarize the biological indicators of the main industrial fish and river crayfish species in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir under conditions of fishery exploitation.

Methods: Biological analysis of fish was conducted according to classical methods in ichthyology, using the following parameters: standard and absolute body length, individual mass, gender, feeding coefficient. Crayfish, caught in fishing gear, underwent morphometric measurements to determine individual mass and gender. Biological sampling was carried out during the vegetation period of 2023 during both control and commercial fishing in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir at three sites differing in hydrology and degree of anthropogenic impact.

Research results: According to the data from the Department of the State Agency of Reclamation and Fisheries Management in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, during 2023, 140,504 tons of fish were caught in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir, nearly 8 times less than in 2021. In 2021, 1078.25 tons of aquatic resources were caught, which is 8 % less than in 2020. Silver carp was the dominant fish species in 2022, accounting for 80.5 % of the total catch in the reservoir. Herbivorous fish species accounted for 5.4 % of the catch, roach - 3.3 %, bream - 2.3 %, perch - 2.0 %. Based on the conducted research, recommendations have been provided regarding the establishment of forecasts and limits for the extraction of aquatic resources from the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir for the year 2024.

Conclusions: The Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir has potential for the development of fishing, fish farming, and aquaculture in the Prydniprovsky region. The research results suggest that limits can be set on the catch of certain fish species: bream- up to 210 tons, pike-perch - up to 42 tons, roach - up to 350 tons, and perch - up to 138 tons. However, the catch of silver carp, bleak, sprat, herbivorous fish, and sun-perch is recommended to be unrestricted. The forecasted catch of crayfish is within 1 ton. The catch of other aquatic resources should also be conducted within forecasted levels

Antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa in the presence and absence of pyocyanin pigment

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: study of antibiotic resistance of Р. aeruginosa strains in the presence and absence of pyocyanin pigment.

Materials and methods. Bacteriological studies of pathological material from "asphyxiated embryos", sick chickens and forcibly killed or dead adult birds were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Cultures from bone, brain, heart, liver, spleen, gall bladder, muscles and other organs were carried out on simple, selective and differential diagnostic nutrient media. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibacterial drugs was determined by diffusion in agar according to the generally accepted method.

The results. The obtained results of studies by the diffusion method in agar indicate that the proportion of resistant to the studied antibiotics among non-pigmented isolates was on average 79.00 % (60-100) %, and among strains that formed pyocyanin - 51.00 % (25-100) %. 60.00 % - 90.00 % of resistant non-pigmented isolates were found to fluoroquinolones, 60.00-70.00 % to cephalosporins, 60.00-97.00 % to aminoglycosides. To representatives of semisynthetic penicillins, tetracyclines, and macrolides - 100 % of resistant isolates that did not synthesize pyocyanin were found. Among P. aeruginosa isolates that synthesized pigment, 25.00-40.00 % were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 30.00-35.00 % to cephalosporins, 25.00-50.00 % to aminoglycosides, representatives semi-synthetic penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides - 100 % of the studied strains.

Conclusions. The absence of pigment formation in P. aeruginosa isolates, obtained in association with bacterial pathogens, is not accompanied by the absence of antibiotic resistance. 28 % more antibiotic-resistant isolates were found among non-pigmented isolates compared to isolates that synthesize pyocyanin pigment. The data presented emphasize the need for the use of differential media for the isolation of P. aeruginosa in order to identify non-pigmented strains and prescribe appropriate treatment, which, accordingly, will prevent the spread of latent forms of infection