Diagnostics of enterprise selection criteria in the public e-procurement system

The integrated complex system with subsystems of e-logistics, e-document flow, budgeting, payments and invoices of the subjects of procurement of goods, works, services for public funds, taking into account the criterion of «price» and non-price criteria for selecting the winner, is improved in the article. The classification of non-price criteria for selecting the winner of procurement, which are dictated by the European Union law, namely of: technical, resource and competency, safety and quality, reputation and image, and basic. Recommendations are proposed to improve the procedure for selecting enterprises related to security features and the quality of the tender proposal, strengthening the role of technical experts in tender committees, listing of public documents and deadlines for pre-threshold procurement. An essential part of the economic and mathematical model of diagnostics of selection criteria for public e-procurement enterprises is developed on the basis of determining the balance of interests of the supplier and the customer, the customer price correction coefficient, taking into account the proposed classification of non-price selection criteria, the price coefficient of the subject of e-procurement of the supplier, taking into account business processes leading to economic and social effects, and input settings «information-time opportunities/threats of resources», the covariance between the values of costs for providing an optimum level of non-price criteria for selecting the winner of procurement performance and indicators of participation in public e-procurement.


Introduction
In the context of Ukraine's European integration and the adaptation of domestic legislation to the legislation of the European Union, the effective functioning of the public e-procurement system is an urgent issue not only for public customers, but also for enterprises that supply or will supply goods, work, and services to meet the needs of the state in the future.The procedure for an unbiased, transparent and fair selection of a supplier must balance the interests of all parties to procurement and take into account the European principles and objectives of public procurement.Therefore, special attention deserves research in the field of non-price selection criteria, which are still insufficiently covered in normative legal acts and scientific and methodical literary sources.

The object of research and its technological audit
The object of research is the identification of the state, analysis and evaluation of the criteria for selecting enterprises in the system of public e-procurement at the stage of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union.

The aim and objectives of research
The aim of the research is the scientific substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations and applied tools for the formation and development of diagnostic criteria for selecting an enterprise for the public e-procurement system.
To achieve this aim, the following objectives are defined: 1.To improve the integrated system of public e-procurement of goods, works and services to consider the place in it of the criteria for selecting enterprises.
2. To submit a classification of non-price criteria for selecting enterprises, which should be displayed in public documents of these procurement entities.
3. To offer recommendations on improving the procedure for selecting enterprises at the stage of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union.
4. To develop an approach to the construction of the essential part of the economic and mдathematical model for diagnosing the criteria for selecting enterprises in the system of public e-procurement.

Research of existing solutions of the problem
Many domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners are engaged in research into the formation and development of the system of public e-procurement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].In particular, in work [1] the features and difficulties of organizing the process of public procurement are analyzed, proposals are developed to improve the quality of public procurement management, taking into account modern unstable minds.The author [2] substantiates the need for state management at the macro level by the logistical system of public procurement and considers the structure of traffic flow management in resource systems in this system.The essence and mechanism of the functioning of the e-procurement system, e-finance and e-journals are investigated by foreign authors in the works [3].Research [17] is devoted to the analysis of the stages of the implementation of control and supervision functions by organizational structures of management in the system of public procurement, identification of negative factors in the functioning of this system.The paper [18] highlights current issues for Ukraine today related to the improvement of the modern system of public administration in the sphere of public procurement, in particular, for the needs of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.
However, the market for public e-procurement is usually considered from the position of the state, not focusing attention on the balance of interests of all participants in this process, but the criteria for selecting enterprises for the implementation of state orders are not enough research, including in the context of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU legislation and European integration processes in general.TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES -№ 3/4(35), 2017 ISSN 2226-3780

Methods of research
To solve the problems, the following methods are used: visual, expert esti mates, correlation and factor analysis, logical generalization, economic and ma thematical modeling.

Research results
The introduction of the system of public eprocurement affects not only the effective functioning of public cus tomers, the level of corruption and the saving of public funds, but also affects the performance of enterprises partici pating in procurement.In turn, it should be noted that procurement is a com plex business process that begins with an analysis of the needs of customers, the possibilities of their satisfaction by suppliers and concludes with the con clusion and execution of the contract of procurement and reporting.
It is established that the key stage of procurement is the selection of sup pliers by the criterion «price» and non price criteria, and in most cases the de termining criterion is the price.How ever, although customers aim to pur chase goods, services, work at the lowest possible price in order to save public funds, the quality of procurement items should also play a role.Therefore, the quality of procurement items, in spite of electronic selection mainly based on the «price» criterion, should be taken into account by customers in the ten der documentation and its suppliers should adhere to the appropriate level.For this, nonprice criteria for selecting suppliers are used.Particular attention is paid to nonprice conditions, where procurement has a complex or highly specialized nature, in particular when purchasing consulting services, research, development, information technology, strategic, tactical operational manage ment of public enterprises, institutions, organizations or authorities and software etc., as well as there is no formed or constantly operating market for the sub ject of procurement (Table 1) [10][11][12].
As shown in Fig.  Private sector (small, medium and large business) ISSN 2226-3780

Identification of needs
for participation in public eprocurement is based on com parison of nonprice criteria for selecting the winner of the procurement and the criterion of «price» of the offered goods, works, and services.
On the basis of the analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] it is found that it is expedient to take into account the following main recommen dations for improving the procedure for selecting enterprises at the stage of adaptation of the legal framework in the field of public eprocurement of the European Union in Ukraine: -confirmation of environmental friendliness and com pliance with European standards of procurement items in the list of public documents that the supplier must provide.Such documents define the security and qua lity attribute of the tender proposal (Table 1); -strengthening the role of technical experts in tender committees in cases where the weight of nonprice criteria is sufficiently large, the selection is rather complicated, there is no formed or constantly ope rating market for the subject of procurement and the procedure is carried out through competitive dialogue; -the inclusion in the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurements» of the provisions of the general list of public documents and the terms of the procedure for prethreshold procurement [17,18].
In the public procurement market, customers are in terested in buying goods, works and services honestly and at an optimal price.The optimal price of the subject of procurement must balance the interests of customers and suppliers (1).
where K op -the coefficient of the optimal price of the subject of eprocurement; K pp -the coefficient of the pro posed price of the subject of eprocurement by the supplier; K cp -the price coefficient of the subject of eprocurement of the customer.The Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurements» includes the concepts «adjusted price» and «correction coefficient», which are related to nonprice selec tion criteria and the «price» criterion.
The adjusted price (P r ) is calculated on the basis of the price (P p ), which is indicated by the supplier in the tender proposal, and the indicators of nonprice criteria.The economic mathematical model of the adjusted price is entered by the customer in the tender documentation (2).
where K k -price correction coeffi cient of the subject of procurement of the customer.
To calculate the price correction coefficient for the customer, let's use formula (3) and the data in Table 1.
where C 1 …С n -the value of nonprice criteria (technical (C t ), resource and qualifying (C rk ), security and qua lity (C sq ), reputation and image (C i ), basic (C b )); P V -share of the «price» criterion.The price coefficient of the subject of eprocurement of the supplier is defined as the result of the business process, it forms economic and social effects (functioning and development).
where ∑ -a set of business processes of the supplier that lead to the emergence of social develop ment effects.
In [19] such classification of the enterprise resources is given: labor, material, financial and energy.According to the above classification, the following business indica tors are proposed: 1) an indicator of the level of use of labor resources (in dex of the use of labor resources, index of production per worker in a year, the labor productivity index, the labor output index, index of the use of the working time fund, index of production safety, index of the level of wages, etc.); Note: compiled by the authors on the basis of [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES -№ 3/4(35), 2017 ISSN 2226-3780 2) an indicator of the level of use of the material re sources of the enterprise (index of the cost of material resources, index of the provision of the enterprise with material resources, material output, material intensity, index of the turnover of the enterprise's reserves, the share of materials in the cost of production, etc.); 3) an indicator of the level of use of financial resources of the enterprise (index of the cost of resources attracted by the enterprise, index of the term of resource mobiliza tion by the enterprise, the share of resources occupied by the enterprise, the share of the company's own financial resources, the share of the company's irredundant financial resources, the share of the enterprise's need for financial resources, own financial resources, etc.); 4) an indicator of the level of use of the energy re sources of the enterprise (the energy intensity of products, index of energy output, energy security of the enterprise, index of equipment energy efficiency, the cost of fuel and lubricants, the price and tariffs for electricity).
In this context, it is advisable to extend the classi fication described above with information, time and in novative resources.
The indicator K pp is suggested to be defined as the ratio of nonprice parameters to the parameter «price» (P).The key nonprice parameters are: information (I), time (T), opportunities/threats (OTH), resources (R): where ∑ -the sum of spent labor, material, techni cal, financial, energy, information, time and innovative resources.
In the context of this, let's propose an approach to analyzing the existence and tightness of the relationship between the costs of ensuring the optimal level of non price criteria for selecting the winner of procurement and indicators of the effectiveness of participation in public eprocurement ( 6), (7).
where Cov(E, R) is the covariance between the sample values of the array of expenditure indicators for ensuring the optimal level of nonprice criteria for selecting the winner of procurement and indicators of the effective ness of participation in public eprocurement; E, Rselective values of the array of expenditure indicators for ensuring the optimal level of nonprice criteria for selecting the winner of procurement and indicators of the effectiveness of participation in public eprocurement, respectively; M -the mathematical expectation operator; M(ER) -the mathe matical expectation of the product of quantities; µ er -the average value of the product of quantities; µ e -the average value of E; µ r -the aver age value of C.
To the main expenses aimed at ensuring the optimal level of nonprice criteria for selecting the winner of the procurement, let's refer: where E mt -costs of material and technical equipment of production; E p -costs for training, advanced training and retraining of personnel; E sq -costs aimed at improving the safety and quality characteristics of products and the production process; E in -innovative costs for providing competitive advantages (development of new types of pro ducts, introduction of new technological processes).The formula of the balance of interests of the supplier and the customer (1) is supplemented with the ratios that reflect the customer price correction coefficient, taking into account technical, resource and qualification, safety and quality, reputation and image and basic nonprice selection criteria (2), (3), price coefficient of the subject of eprocurement of the supplier, taking into account the business processes leading to economic and social effects (4), and the input parameters «informationtime opportunities/threatsresources» (5), covariance between the values of the expenditure indicators to ensure an optimal level of nonprice criteria for selecting the win ner of the procurement and performance indicators of participation in public eprocurement ( 6), ( 7) is the basis of economic and mathematical model of diagnosis criteria for selecting the winner of the public eprocurement.The essential portion of diagnostics economic and ma thematical models (1)-( 7) is recommended to use in case of a final customer, excluding mediators and contact groups.

SWOT analysis of research results
Strengths.The strength of research is a new approach to the classification of nonprice criteria for selection of the winner of eprocurement in accordance with the Euro pean Union Directives for public procurement in 2014, and the fact that an essential part of the economic and mathematical model for diagnosing criteria for selecting the winner of public eprocurement balances the interests both the customer and the supplier, takes into account a wide range of input and output economic and social indicators.
Weaknesses.The weakness is that the system of non price criteria for selecting enterprises is fundamental and is not considered in the context of certain features of the functioning of enterprises, in particular the type and specifics of economic activity, the organizational and legal form of ownership, organizational structure, size, as well as any changes in legislation, Policy and political insta bility affect the quality of information and the level of effectiveness and effectiveness of management decisions in environment of this system.
Opportunities.The opportunities for further research are the public eprocurement system entering the inter national market, its integration with the European Union systems, the use of innovative methods and tools to at tract investment (external, internal) to the procurement system of Ukraine.
Threats.The threats to the results of conducted re search are from the information security field that may arise at the stages of collecting, analyzing and processing the personal data of suppliers, transferring and modifying financial information, making payments in the system of public eprocurement, and the like.ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АУДИТ ТА РЕЗЕРВИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА -№ 3/4(35), 2017 ISSN 2226-3780 8. Conclusions 1.The integrated complex system of public eprocure ment is improved, based on the subsystems of elogistics, edocument flow, budgeting, payments and invoices of subjects of procurement of goods, works, services for public funds, and in which the selection criteria for enterprises.
2. The classification of nonprice criteria for selection of enterprises in the system of public eprocurement is presented, which should be reflected in the relevant public documents of the supplier and normative legal acts of the European model, namely: technical, resource and qualifying, safety and quality, reputation and image, basic criteria.
3. Recommendations to adapt EU legislation and pro cedures in the field of public procurement in Ukraine, which are as follows: introduction of environmental and confirmation of compliance with European standards, pro curement items in the list of public documents to be pro vided by the supplier; strengthening the role of technical experts in tender committees in cases where the weight of the nonprice criteria is large enough, the selection is quite complex, there is formed or a permanent subject of procurement market and the procedure is performed by a competitive dialogue, the establishment of an ex haustive list of public documents, and the timing of the prethreshold procurement procedures.
4. The essential part of the economic and mathematical model of diagnosis criteria is developed for selecting the winner of the public eprocurement on the basis of balance of interests of both the customer and the supplier, and relationships that reflect customer price correction coeffi cient taking into account technical, resource and qualifying, safety and quality, reputation and image and basic nonprice criteria, price coefficient of the subject of eprocurement of the supplier, taking into account the business processes that lead to economic and social effects, and output parameters «informationtime opportunities/threats of resources», the covariance between the values to ensure optimal levels of nonprice criteria for selecting the winner of procurement performance and participation rates of expenditure indica tors in public eprocurement.

∑
-a set of business processes of the sup plier that lead to the emergence of economic effects of functioning;

sector (small, medium and large business)
1, 2 and Table 1, such key business indicator of the enter prise's activity as the level of readiness Manufacturer Private

Table 1
Displaying the selection criteria in the supplier's public documents 7Certificate of absence of debts on taxes, fees, payments controlled by revenue and fee authorities, confirmation of the absence of corruption offenses of bankruptcy proceedings Non-price (basic)