Functioning Analysis of Meat Processing Industry in Modern Conditions on the Example of Ukraine

The object of research is meat processing enterprises on the example of Ukraine. One of the most problematic areas is the reduction in total beef and pork production. This negatively affects the development of the industry, which loses the opportunity to develop, create new jobs, enter the international market.<br><br>In the course of the study, general scientific and special methods were used. For example, the monographic method, methods of statistical grouping and correlation-regression analysis, as well as the graphical method were used to comprehensively study the current state of meat production. The grouping method was used to determine the influence of various factors on the level of efficiency in the production of different types of meat, and the comparison method was used to carry out a comparative analysis of the production of meat products in different time periods.<br><br>It is shown that in the general structure of agricultural production livestock products during 2015–2019 ranged from 24.1 to 20.9 % of the total. The largest percentage in this structure was occupied by breeding farm animals. The smallest share in this production is occupied by beef and veal. And its production continues to fall. Negative dynamics was also observed in pork production. The production of sausages is relatively stable. The largest volumes of production were provided by chicken. The Ukrainian market of meat and meat products is closely connected with the development of raw materials for the industry. The total number of farm animals by farm category is declining, excluding poultry.<br><br>The wholesale turnover of meat and meat wholesalers has been growing every year. Raw material production and processing are closely interrelated. Today, it is extremely important to reconcile the interests of producers and processors so that the market is predictable, has a defined development strategy, focused on increasing domestic consumption and to realize the export potential of the meat industry.


Introduction
The meat industry is a leading industry in the agricultural economy of many countries [1]. Meat and meat products of all kinds are traditional in the diet of many peoples [2]. However, analyzing the total production of beef and pork on the example of Ukraine, it is possible to say that they are declining from year to year. This negatively affects the development of the industry, which loses the opportunity to develop, create new jobs, enter the international market. The problems of meat production that need to be solved [3,4] are faced in: -European countries [5][6][7]; -America [8]; -Canada [9]. In researches [10,11] features of functioning and tendencies of development of the market of meat and meat products are considered, the research of a condition of development of meat processing branch is stated and negative tendencies in development of animal husbandry are revealed. In the works [12][13][14] the institutional bases of formation of the market of meat and meat products are considered, methodical approaches to an estimation of the market of meat are formulated and the model of perspective development of the meat market is developed.
Dynamic changes in the meat processing industry require constant monitoring of unresolved issues, taking into account political, financial, innovative and other aspects that are insufficiently covered in scientific works. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamics and peculiarities of the meat industry, which will help to outline the prospects for the successful realization of potential opportunities and expansion of production.
Thus, the object of research was selected meat processing enterprises on the example of Ukraine. The aim of research is to study aspects of the current state and features of the meat processing industry of Ukraine on the basis of analytical research. TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES -№ 2/4(58), 2021 ISSN 2664-9969

Methods of research
The research is substantiated by the use of general scientific and special methods and techniques: -monographic, statistical groupings, correlation-regression analysis and graphical methods -for a comprehensive study of the current state of meat production; -grouping -to determine the influence of various factors on the level of efficiency of meat production of different types; -comparison -to conduct a comparative analysis of meat production in different time periods.

Research results and discussion
In the general structure of agricultural production, livestock products during 2015-2019 ranged from 24.1 to 20.9 % of the total [15]. The largest percentage in this structure was occupied by breeding farm animals. This figure ranged from 11.8 % in 2015 to 10.9 % in 2019 of all livestock products.
The meat and meat products production index for the period from 2015 to 2019 tended to grow slightly (on average 2-4 % annually).
Considering the dynamics of industrial meat production, it is possible to say that the smallest share in this production is beef and veal. Moreover, its production continues to fall (Fig. 1).
During the study period, the highest rate of beef and veal production was observed in 2017 -76.9 thousand tons, compared to the beginning of 2019, the decline was 12.1 %. Also, negative dynamics was observed in pork production -from 247. The Ukrainian market of meat and meat products is closely connected with the development of raw materials for the industry. The total number of farm animals during the study period decreased significantly (Table 1). Thus, the number of cattle decreased from 3750 thousand heads to 3092, i. e. by 17.6 %; pig population -from 7079 thousand heads to 5727 or 19.1 %. Only the poultry population increased slightlyfrom 204.0 million in 2015 to 220.0 million in 2019, or 7.8 %.
If to consider the number of farm animals by categories of farms, it can be seen that this number decreases from year to year during the study period, except for poultry ( Table 2). Meat production in general by farms of all categories has a positive dynamics, but this increase is due to an increase in poultry production, which compensates for the decline in meat production of other species. A large share in the production of meat by Ukrainian enterprises also belongs to poultry meat. However, meat production by households during 2015-2019 decreased in all types. Accordingly, the share of meat production by households decreased to a total of 37.0 % in 2015 to 31.9 % in 2019 (Table 3). Table 3 Meat production by categories of farms, thousand tons Analyzing meat production per capita, it is possible to say that this figure increased slightly during the study period, namely from 54 kg of meat (in slaughter weight) to 59 kg.
Production of sausages and meat products is concentrated mainly in 5 regions -Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kirovograd, Poltava and Kharkiv, which account for 72.8 % of total production, or 172.2 thousand tons out of 236.6 in Ukraine as a whole.
The wholesale turnover of meat and meat wholesalers has been growing every year. Thus, in 2016 it amounted to 495,639 dollars USA, which is 12.7 more than the previous year. In 2017 and 2018, this figure increased to 679,692 and 1,219,911 dollars USA, and its growth was 36.7 % in 2017 and a record 80 % in 2018. In general, the wholesale turnover of wholesale trade enterprises by product group «meat and meat products» during the study period increased from 439,672 to 1,219,911 dollars USA, or a total of 177.5 %. Raw material production and processing are closely interrelated. Today, it is extremely important to reconcile the interests of producers and processors so that the market is predictable, has a defined development strategy, focused on both increasing domestic consumption and realizing the export potential of the meat industry. The high price of meat, due to the high cost of its production, has effectively cut off Ukraine's path to foreign markets. For example, Ukrainian pork is not competitive there due to its high cost.
The highest price is only in China. For many years, Ukraine has been among the world's 10 largest importers of pork. Ukraine is again increasing the volume of imports of pork, as the domestic market has artificially created a shortage of pigs, which provokes a constant rise in prices for them. On the other hand, even with a 48 % rise in the price of pig carcasses in the European Union over the past year, pork produced there remains cheaper than that of pigs raised in Ukraine.
For the successful development of the industry it is necessary to take a number of measures both at the level of the state as a whole and at the level of each enterprise in particular. Yes, the state has: -protect and encourage domestic producers to increase production; -present the products of domestic producers at international specialized exhibitions, seminars to expand markets outside the country; -harmonize domestic standards of safety and quality of products in accordance with international standards; -intensify the system of control over the quality and safety of meat products; -at the level of meat processing enterprises it is necessary to implement the standards of the ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 22000, HACCP, OHSAS 18001, PAS 223 series; -use resource-saving technologies; -update the material and technical base and carry out technical re-equipment of the main equipment for the production of meat products, which meets European requirements for quality and safety; -load production capacity with domestic raw materials. Only under such conditions will it be possible to integrate the Ukrainian meat industry into the global market, to create conditions for it to be competitive in the world, and for domestic producers to increase production volumes. TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES -№ 2/4(58), 2021 ISSN 2664-9969

Conclusions
The study showed that the production of livestock products in general and meat in particular is one of the leading sectors of agriculture, which is involved in providing the population with wholesome food and solving the food problem. It has been found that in recent years there have been some trends in the dynamics and structure of meat production and consumption towards cheaper poultry meat. It is explained that the main reason for this situation is the reduction of production; significant increase in retail prices for all types of products; low incomes of the majority of the population, its social differentiation. The study revealed a negative trend in the meat processing industry, which is that Ukraine sells more livestock and poultry than raised, resulting in a reduction in livestock, the market constantly receives products and demand is met (within the solvency of the population), but the resources of meat products are not reproduced.
The research results show that for the successful development of the industry it is necessary to take a number of measures both at the level of the state as a whole and at the level of each enterprise in particular. The state must protect and stimulate domestic producers; to harmonize domestic standards of safety and quality of products in accordance with international standards; to intensify the system of control over the quality and safety of meat products. The research results will be useful for meat processing enterprises, which need: -actively implement quality and safety standards; -use resource-saving technologies; -update the material and technical base and carry out technical re-equipment of the main equipment for the production of meat products that meets European requirements for quality and safety; -load production capacities with domestic raw materials. Today, a promising task is to integrate the Ukrainian meat industry into the global market, creating conditions for increasing its competitiveness in the world, increasing production by domestic producers.