CURRENT NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS TO ECOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24025/2306-4412.4.2020.216090Keywords:
surface waters, rivers transformation, ecological index of water quality, pollution index, potential ecological risk.Abstract
The hydroecological situation on many water bodies on the territory of Ukraine has significantly deteriorated in recent decades, resulting in imbalances in hydroecosystems, deterioration of water quality, reduction of fish diversity and degradation of its physiological condition. In the light of the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, it is especially important to study the current state of water bodies to maintain ecological balance and ensure the sustainability of their use and to develop the water protection strategies. In order to comprehensively assess the ecological situation on water bodies of Ukraine for effective management of water protection activities on the example of the Ros river, the current state of the river basin, its hydrochemical characteristics over the past 28 years have been analyzed, the dynamics of average annual air temperature in the region has been studied, the water quality indicators by ecological and hygienic criteria have been calculated. The losses caused to fisheries during the mass slaughter of fish in August 2018 have been calculated. It is shown that both natural (climate change) and anthropogenic (high river control, specific features of the Stebliv Reservoir dam, high plowing of the river basin, systematic entry of pollutants into the lands) factors are the main reasons for the transformation of the aquatic ecosystem. For the first time, the ecological risk of affecting the well-being of the aquatic ecosystem of the Ros river has been assessed for the long term and it has been shown that the river water quality is unsatisfactory and there is a high risk of further degradation of the hydroecosystem. The greatest potential ecological risk of affecting the ecological well-being in the Ros river, reducing biodiversity and simplifying the trophic structure, comes from nitrogen compounds and polyphosphates. It is necessary to develop an adequate and reliable management strategy for the integrated use of water resources and implementation of proactive measures to minimize the risks of transformation of rivers hydroecosystems, which will contribute to their revival, environmental well-being and conservation of aquatic organisms biodiversity.
References
M. Yu. Yevtushenko, "Restorative ichthyoecology as a scientific direction of fish farming development of inland waters of Ukraine", Rybohospodarska nauka Ukrainy, no. 3, pp. 88-91, 2010. [in Ukrainian].
P. Ya. Pukalo, L. M. Darmohray, L. Ya. Bozhyk, and N. Ya. Vaseruk, "Topicality of native fish fauna reproduction of Ukraine reservoirs", Naukovyi visnyk LNUVMBT im. S. Gzhytskoho, vol. 18, no 2 (67), pp. 216-218, 2016. [in Ukrainian].
Ju. R. Grohovs'ka, " Ecological resonance as a response of the ecosystem to anthropogenic impact", in VIII All-Ukr. Sci.-Pract. Conf. with Int. Participation Biological research-2017: coll. of sci. works, Zhytomyr, 2017, pp. 197-199. [in Ukrainian].
F. Pletterbauer, A. Melcher, and W. Graf, "Climate change impacts in riverine ecosystems", in Riverine Ecosystem Management. Science for Governing Towards a Sustainable Future? J. Schmutz and A. Sendzimir, Eds., Aquatic Ecology Series, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018, vol. 8, pp. 203-223.
D. L. Hartmann, A. M. G. K. Tank, and M. Rusticucci, "IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis", IPCC, 2014.
"Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based report", European Environment Agency, 2017.
Dejene W. Sintayehu, "Impact of climate change on biodiversity and associated key ecosystem services in Africa: a systematic review", Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, vol. 4, iss. 9, pp. 225-239, 2018.
Sarahi Nunez, Eric Arets, Rob Alkemade, Caspar Verwer, and Rik Leemans, "Assessing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity: is below 2 °C enough?", Climatic Change, no. 154, pp. 351-365, 2019.
How the climate in Ukraine is changing. [Online]. Available: https://mepr.gov.ua/news/35246.html. Accessed on: Lyst. 05, 2020.
D. Ye. Reshetniak, "Methods for assessing anthropogenic threats to freshwater ecosystems biodiversity", Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho universytetu. Seriia: heolohiia, heohrafiia, vol. 25, iss. 19, pp. 71-79, 2017. [in Ukrainian].
L. O. Herasymchuk, R. A. Valerko, and L. I. Hrebenchuk, " State control over cases of mass slaughter of fish in reservoirs of Zhytomyr region", Vodni bioresursy ta akvakultura, no. 2, pp. 6-20, 2018. [in Ukrainian].
Y. V. Hryb, O. M. Klymnіuk, І. Yu. Buzevусh, and M. A. Myhalchuk, " Features of formation of an oxygen mode of fish fatigue reservoirs, structure of aboriginal ichthyofauna in the subglacial period and its restoration", Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu vodnoho hospodarstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia. Silskohospodarski nauky, iss. 1 (69), pp. 133-152, 2015. [in Ukrainian].
O. V. Rybalova, and S. V. Bjelan, "Analysis of the causes of emergencies of mass death of fish in the Kharkiv region", Shidno-Jevropejs'kyj zhurnal peredovyh tehnologij, no. 6/10 (60), pp. 17-21, 2012. [in Ukrainian].
O. V. Stepova, and V. V. Roma, "Analysis of the influence of changes in climatic conditions on the oxygen regime of the river Psel", Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, no. 2, pp. 113-119, 2018. [in Ukrainian].
V. K. Khilchevskyi, S. M. Kurylo, S. S. Dubniak, V. M. Savytskyi, and M. R. Zabokrytska,, Hydroecological condition of the Ros river basin: monograph. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr, 2009. [in Ukrainian].
Water resources in the basin of the river Ros. Basin management of water resources of the river Ros. [Online]. Available:https://rovrrosi.gov.ua/vodni-resursi-v basejni-richki-ros.html. Accessed on:Nov. 05, 2020.
Methods for calculating the damage caused to fisheries due to violations of the rules of fisheries and protection of aquatic living resources: Order 12.07.2004 № 248/273. [Online]. Available: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1446-04. Accessed on: Nov. 06, 2020.
Water and soil monitoring data of Cherkasy Regional Department of Internal Affairs of Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs. [Online]. Available:http://openenvironment.org.ua/water/.Accessed on: Nov. 03, 2020.
A. V. Grycenko, O. G. Vasenko, G. A. Vernichenko et al., Methods of ecological assessment of surface water quality by relevant categories. Hharkiv: UkrNDIEP, 2012. [in Ukrainian].
Organization and implementation of observations of surface water pollution (in the system of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources) KND211.1.1.106. Kyiv, 2003. [in Ukrainian].
O. Rybalova, and S. Artemiev "Development of a procedure for assessing the environmental risk of the surface water status deterioration", Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, vol. 5, iss. 10 (89), pp. 67-76, 2017.
About phosphates, phosphonates and problems of water pollution in Ukraine. [Online]. Available: https://www.davr.gov.ua/pro-fosfati-fosfonati-ta-problemizabrudnennya-vodojm-v-ukraini. Accessed on: Nov. 16, 2020.
Nutrients in freshwater in Europe. [Online]. Available: https://www.eea.europa.eu/dataand-aps/indicators/nutrients-in-freshwater/nutrients-in-freshwater-assessmentpublished-9. Accessed on: Nov. 16, 2020.
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD): Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste-water treatment. [Online]. Available: https://eurlex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31991L0271. Accessed on: Nov. 16, 2020.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
URN
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ольга Олександрівна Мислюк, Олена Михайлівна Хоменко, Оксана В'ячеславівна Єгорова The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and give the journal the right to first publish this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-NC, which allows other persons to freely distribute published work with a mandatory reference to authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
Authors have the right to conclude separate additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the paper in the form in which it was published by this journal (for example, posting work in electronic repository or publishing as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication in this journal is maintained.
The journal policy allows and encourages authors to post on the Internet (for example, in repositories of institutions or on personal websites) the manuscript of work, both before the submission of this manuscript to the editorial staff, and during its editorial work, as it contributes to the emergence of productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of published work citation (see The Effect of Open Access).
