AUTOMATION OF DETECTION OF MACHINE EQUIPMENT DEFECTS BY VIBRODIAGNOSTICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24025/2306-4412.1.2021.229202Keywords:
oscillations, vibrations, vibration parameters, vibrating stand, operational defectsAbstract
The paper defines that the urgent task is the timely detection of the dangerous state of the mechanism, i.e. the need to minimize the probability of missing a developed defect, sufficient for an emergency situation between the periodic measurements of controlled parameters. It is shown that the measurement of the level of vibration of the machine equipment at different modes of its operation allows to predict the efficiency of the device during the service life. The paper identifies possible malfunctions of machinery, in the role of which is a training stand, and the compilation of a vibration diagnostic map, which identifies faults. The need to detect equipment defects at an early stage of their development with high accuracy, but at the same time to reduce the cost of detecting defects is considered. This, in turn, requires a detailed study of typical defects of the vibrating stand, which are determined by vibration diagnostics, i.e. clarification of diagnostic signs of defects. Based on the obtained research results, the following conclusions have been obtained: as a result of the analysis of rotor imbalance, it becomes clear that a high amplitude at the reverse frequency is its main diagnostic feature; the analysis of defects of a belt shows that because of similarity of signs of defects of a belt with signs of defects of bearings it is necessary to separate components of vibrations of bearings from vibrations of a belt; the analysis of faults of bearings shows that it is necessary to measure the spectrum of the bypass, to monitor the peaks at the frequencies of inner and outer rings; the analysis of defects in electromagnetic system of the motor shows that to identify defects it is necessary to use additional features such as an increase in temperature on the motor housing, a drop in amplitude at speed when the power is off, and an increase in low frequency vibration. Therefore, the defects of possible malfunctions for the machine equipment, in the role of which the training stand acts, have been determined in the work. This allows to make a vibration diagnostic card, which is used to identify faults. Solving this problem allows to detect defects at an early stage of their appearance with high accuracy and at the same time reduce the cost of detecting defects.
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