POSSIBILITIES OF CALCULATION MONITORING METHODS IN DETERMINING ECOLOGICAL EXPEDIENCY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT FLOWS

Abstract

Today road transport is one of the main sources of air pollution in cities. The increase in the level of pollution of builtup areas is the consequence of the increase in the number of vehicles. The application of a set of monitoring methods to determine the contribution of the transport network of urban agglomerations to air pollution and the development of measures to optimize traffic is an actual and promising area of research. The assessment of environmental feasibility during the organization of road traffic in the city has been determined by calculating the emissions of vehicles at regulated intersections depending on traffic intensity. Using the calculation monitoring methods, the intensity of vehicle emissions in the studied areas in Cherkasy is analyzed.  In the area of regulated crossing there is a significant excess of pollutant emissions from vehicles. A significant part of the total emissions consists of carbon monoxide (50-65 %) and hydrocarbons (10-20 %). Exceedance of the permissible level of air pollution for all substances has been revealed in the area of the research sites. The largest exceedances of the maximum permissible concen-trations (MPC) of pollutants have been observed on the streets with heavy traffic and a long time of the prohibitory signal of traffic lights. The largest exceedances of the maximum permissible concen-trations have been observed on streets with heavy traffic and long-term stop light. For example, the intersection of Chornovola st. - Khimikiv ave. is characterized by medium traffic intensity, but has the highest values of pollutant emissions due to the significant duration of the stop light. It is proposed to reduce the signal time by 30 %, which will reduce the concentration of harmful substances, such as CO, NO2, CH and SO2, several times. No correlation has been observed between the intensity of traffic flows and emissions at regulated crossing. The definition of the degree of air pollution within urban intersections has shown a significant impact of irrational and outdated operation of the transport network on the level of air pollution and the need to reform the transport system in Cherkasy. The system of ecological safety of atmospheric air in the city of Cherkasy requires improvements due to exceeding the actual values of pollution over regulatory parameters. Recommendations for improving the environmental condition of intersections can be developed through the optimization of traffic flows using intelligent transport systems. To eliminate the environmental problem of gas pollution at intersections, it is necessary to reduce the intensity of traffic flows through transport interchanges. Environmental security in the city of Cherkasy should be ensured by a wide range of interrelated measures. They should form a kind of legal mechanism, which should be understood as a system of tools that can enhance the level of environmental safety, prevent the deterioration of the environmental situation at transport intersections and the danger to the population.