MARIA MONTESSORI EDUCATIONAL IDEAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.5/37.102608Keywords:
educational ideas, self-development, educational observation, individual approach, Mariya MontessoriAbstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the educational system of the famous Italian educational worker Maria Montessori. Itʼs underlined the great interest Ukrainian educational community in research its educational heritage purposely for rethinking and the need of using for a better world experience. And especially in the early twenty-first century aspects of the educational system of the famous Italian pedagogue, psychologist, philosopher, physician M. Montessori analyzed with a new interest as one of the highest quality in education.
The stages of formation the educational system of M. Montessori, that has successfully passed the test of time, political regimes, national directed education systems, geography of application are analyzed and today is considered one of the perfect, because itʼs recognized as a national program of child development in most developed countries. Based on theoretical and empirical studies found that educational legacy of M. Montessori was the subject of research pedagogues from the first half of the XX century, when activated areas development of humane pedagogy, including ideas child-centrism, search of pedagogues for new forms organization of educational process, which provided to the harmonious development of personality on the basis of individual skills and abilities.
On the basis of generalized bibliographic data we concluded that M. Montessori came to humanistic pedagogic thanks to philosophical, psychological and medical comprehension natural needs of the child. In imitation of experimental pedagogy M. Montessori substantiated basic principles: humanistic orientation of purpose; psychological foundation of ideas; personal development; socialization; freedom; individual approach; independence, initiative and creative activity; clarity; domination didactic activity in the educational organization of child development.
The content of educational technology, its main ideas, especially of use on different levels are showed. The philosophical level associated with the theory of the existence of «Space Plan» of human development, where each subject executes an assigned him a mission. A child cardinal differs from the adult, because it has a special form of intelligence – «Absorbing thinking» and can be self-developing. Psychological level associated with academic look at the child as a free person who has internal reasons and needs to know the world through experimentation and study at their own pace of development. The educational level treats the need of knowledge of adult sensitive periods of child development and the ability to promote realization the childʼs need for self-learning in special created didactic environment. Methodical level of the system reveals the use of certain methods and means of interaction between teacher and pupil, where the leading role is given to the child and the pedagogue is an observer and is modulator between learning environment and pupil.
Itʼs determined that the present trends of modernization of Ukrainian education demand of a pedagogue deep knowledge of the theory and practice of application advanced innovative technologies, including M. Montessori educational system, that is built on the principles of recognition of the intrinsic value of childhood and the use of principles of humane pedagogy.
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