REALIZATION OF AXIOLOGICAL IDEAS IN THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.5/37.102616Keywords:
axiological idea, values, educational values, schooling, education, national educational spaceAbstract
The content of education is made up of values. Being a regulator of behavior, they affect not only the formation of personality and motivations, but also the specifics of teaching practice, appearing in the content of education, its aims and methods. In view of this, the need for research of the influence of educational ideals on past teaching practice in order to improve modern education and avoid the mistakes that hinder its development, is actualized.
The goal of this article was to study the applied aspects of realization of axiological ideas in the national educational space in the first half of the 19th century.
In the early 19th century the Russian Empire was clearly aware of the importance of popular education, but it was completely subordinated to public needs. This situation led to the fact that the characteristic features of Russian education in the first half of the 19th century were estates, religion, nationality and education of selfless devotion to the homeland and the monarch.
Education estates included the presence of various types of educational institutions, which were intended for specific population groups (universities, high schools, county schools, national and parochial schools, private pensions, etc.). Analysis of the content of education in them showed presence of religious subjects (Godʼs law, dogmatic and moral theology, etc.), Russian language and literature, Russian history, geography, etc.).
Polish schooling in ethnic Ukrainian lands that were a part of the Russian Empire was represented by Krzemieniec Lyceum, which operated on a somewhat different basis, such as the access to education for all children, regardless of origin and property status, student government, cooperation with the families of students.
In addition, in ethnic Ukrainian lands that were a part of the Russian Empire, several schools of other minorities, including Jewish, were established. The boys that studied here had a clear professional focus on business. The girls received basic knowledge and skills that allowed them to lead a good household and raise children. An important fact was also that the language of teaching in this school was German, as for native students.
But Ukrainians themselves were mostly deprived of professional schools in ethnic Ukrainian lands, as well as secondary and higher education. Only Ukrainian parish school children were able to get elementary education in their native language.
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