OLD AGE OF HOME TEACHERS IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND 1815 – 1915
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.5/37.102648Keywords:
teaching profession, home teacher, Poland, pension, educational pressAbstract
Home schooling was very popular among the families of the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, there was a high demand for home teachers.
The aim of the article is to present the issue of home tutorsʼ old age, inclusive of showing what possibilities they had to obtain pension benefits and in what way they secured their future. The basis source of this is memoir literature. Complementing this literature is the press of the researched period, especially family journals, printed on the territory of the Kingdom, as well as educational legislation and pedagogical publications.
Tutoring in private homes only appeared to be an easy occupation, allowing for a comfortable life. Home teachers had to put a lot of effort into making the proverbial ends meet. Especially difficult moment came in the old age, when it was difficult to continue working, because age and, most of all, health did not allow it. Persons who had worked in this profession for many years could not have a well-deserved rest and rely on the pension from the authorities of the Kingdom of Poland, because they were not covered by the governmental pension law.
Most people involved in home schooling had to independently save money to survive when professionally inactive, and thus live very frugally. Help to home teachers was offered by the institutions functioning on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Inter alia, they undertook to provide care for sick people, elderly and destitute, or those with no home. The press of the Kingdom of Poland largely contributed to raising awareness on this issue. On their pages, immediate actions were encouraged; appeals were made to influential figures to make every effort to solve this problem. It was not realised that these people – the teachers, after years of hard work, are met with so many troubles in which they are reliant only on themselves.
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