European Socio-Legal & Humanitarian Studies

Content of forms and methods of providing social security of the state

2025-03-28T13:10:01+02:00

The article is devoted to revealing the essence of the forms and methods of ensuring social security in modern Ukraine. It is established that such forms are the interconnected components of the social security system provided for by legislation and agreed with the principles of law, which are expressed in the actual manifestation of the activity of authorized subjects in the formation, provision, protection, protection and restoration of the conditions of socially safe existence of a person (groups of people ) on the territory of the state through the use of legally defined methods of social protection, which are applied with the use of methods and means of a social protection nature. These forms are characterized by the fact that they: reflect the actual state of state and society activities aimed at ensuring social security; represent integral, mutually agreed upon legal constructions; is an objective and relatively stable element of factual, legally significant reality; is a systemic formation, which consists of both relatively universal and special elements. It is substantiated that the forms of social security of the state make up the system, the key components of which are: food, health and recreation, material, housing and household, educational, labor law, insurance, pension, etc. forms of providing social security. In turn, the methods of ensuring social security of the state are legally established and coordinated with the principles of law by the actions of subjects of social law, with the help of which they implement measures to prevent and counteract social risks, compensation for damage from the influence of social risks that cannot be eliminated. The author singles out three groups of ways to ensure social security. The first is a group of general methods, which are general social, economic and political methods. The second is a group of special (or common law) methods, namely: preventive; protective; compensatory and informative methods. The third is a group of special (social and legal) ways of ensuring social security of the state, which are social services, social assistance and benefits. The conclusions of the article summarize the results of the study.

Peculiarities of appointment and conduct of forensic construction and technical examinations under martial law

2025-03-28T13:20:08+02:00

The article examines the peculiarities of appointment and conduct of forensic construction and technical examinations during martial law. Based on a thorough analysis of the current legislation, scientific opinions of scientists and forensic practice, the author analyses the current state of expert support in the field of construction and technical research and the impact of this legal regime. The article provides statistical data on the number of registered cases of violation of the laws and customs of war since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The author highlights the problematic issues and reasons that impede the conduct of forensic examination, including the safety of specialists, restriction of free access directly to the crime scene or the absence of such an opportunity. The author focuses on compliance with the procedural requirements for obtaining documents and the procedure for providing materials for examination, and provides recommendations on their preparation. The author formulates a list of issues that are important for the investigation and need to be resolved by conducting a construction and technical expertise, including the cost of restoration work as a result of the destruction of the building, the amount of material damage caused by the destruction of the object, and the establishment of what damage occurred as a result of artillery shelling of the building, etc. Practical recommendations are given on how to draw up a resolution on conducting a forensic examination, as well as annexes to it. The issues of interaction with other services and involvement of specialists from other branches of forensic science are highlighted.

Peculiarities of agritourism development: a regional view

2025-03-28T13:28:31+02:00

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of agrotourism development at the regional level. Some features of the current state and regional trends in the development of agritourism in the Zakarpattia region are considered. It is emphasised that there is a significant tourist potential and specific prerequisites for ensuring the development of the tourism industry, including the uniqueness of its geopolitical and geo-economic location (bordering on the EU countries: Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Romania), which enhances the potential of the tourism sector in terms of the possibility of intensifying trans- and cross-border cooperation, attracting foreign tourists, sharing experiences, the possibility of organising joint tourist events, etc. The unique interaction of the natural and climatic and resource potential of Transcarpathia gives impetus to the intensification of various types of tourism, hospitality industry, combining the interests of related spheres and types of economic activity, including the development of agritourism, providing jobs for the inhabitants of the region, and at the same time forming a multiplier effect, as a set of results considered through external factors of influence on ensuring effective management in the field of agritourism.

Vectors of the evolution of the Ukrainian fantasy novel of 2000-2020s. and creativity of Dara Kornii

2025-03-28T13:39:48+02:00

Ukrainian fantasy prose of the first decades of the XXI century quickly develops and is generally organic to the trends of the global metagenre. Most of the basic vectors of evolution of the Ukrainian fantasy novel can be found in the works by Dara Kornii, the national “golden writer” whose prose constitutes a complete metaprose and testify to the logic of the evolution of the Ukrainian fantasy in 2000-2020s in genre, poetic, intertextual, sociocultural and historical planes. The actual problem of the evolution of the Ukrainian fantasy novel of the XXI century was not violated and could not be considered due to the lack of his comprehensive studies. Along with this, the need for such a study has matured in connection with the emergence of national fantasy on the world level, the transition in it from the active frontal reception of foreign experience to the formation of its own self-sufficient semantic core and facts of reverse reception, and in connection with the strengthening of its role in the world literary process. The identification and characterization of the main vectors of the evolution of the modern fantasy novel in Ukraine should be qualified as urgent tasks.

So, the purpose of this article is to define and characterize for the first time the key vectors of the evolution of the Ukrainian fantasy novel of the first decades of the XXI century and the degree of their expression in the artistic work by Dara Kornii as a representative national writer who creates within the metagenre. At the same time, we see our main tasks as the finding of significant progressive transformations in the planes of a) genre, b) poetics and intertextuality, as well as c) studying cultural narratives, in particular gender, in fantasy prose.

The main changes in the Ukrainian metagenre of the first decades of the XXI century concerns the transformation of the fantasy conflict from binary to the ternary principle of the interaction of good, evil and their compromise combination. Such a modification causes a metamorphosis of the image of the main character, who often becomes a woman. The new transitional state in the struggle between good and evil includes a different logic of the relationship between these principles and is ethically contradictory, manifested, above all, in urban fantasy. The close dialogue of Ukrainian and foreign artistic experience makes it difficult to determine the degree of traditional and innovative in the work, although in the plot plane it is closer to the criteria of mass culture. The leading vector of small and later large prose by D. Kornii is gender, which reveals regularities in its development and realization. Since the writer’s works constitute a complete metatext, the accentuated female dominance acquires conceptuality in her prose, which is expressed in the plot, in the system of images, and on the metaphorical level. The figure of the main heroine is interpreted as the image of a metaheroine, and it is the first image of this level in Ukrainian fantasy prose. The consistent actualization of segments of ancient Slavic mythology is reinforced in D. Kornii by the reception of modern plot schemes from fantasy prose of Western samples. Although the author’s myth of the writer is formed in a combination of Ukrainian (traditions of mythology and classical literature) and foreign fantasy experience, during her professional growth the author borrows much less formulas of mass Western European and North American culture. Similar interest in samples of Western fantasy can be found in other authors of Ukrainian metagenre of the XXI century, however, after the mid-2010s in Ukrainian fantasy, the processes of westernization are often replaced by the tendency of orientalization or are significantly leveled as such. Corresponding phenomena can be seen in the works by D. Kornii too.

A systematic approach to the study of the latest phenomena of Ukrainian fantasy of the XXI century allows us to objectively evaluate the progress of the national version of the metagenre and the reflection of the corresponding qualities in the work of its key writers. The principle of our research is perspective and opens up new opportunities in the study of Ukrainian fantasy of the XXI century as a part of the world.

Literature and cinema. Literary heritage of Monaco: The Princess Grace Irish Library

2025-03-28T13:53:29+02:00

“My homeland is where my library is.” – Erasmus of Rotterdam. This proverb shows how Monaco, Ireland and America, the birthplace of Princess Grace of Monaco, provided her with a true sense of belonging to her ancestral roots, that was for her an inexhaustible source of inspiration, love, happiness, success, goodness and harmony, a talisman of a smart, eternal and the saint, the original source of honor and human dignity, benevolence and wisdom, which was personified by Princess Grace of Monaco!

The libraries of the world are under threat! The subject we shall be discussing, in our article is the future of the library: «The Infinite Library»… It worries us that in the 21st century, people don’t know what libraries are and why they are there. Information has value and the right information has enormous value and having the right information has always been important... Libraries are freedom. Freedom to read, freedom of thought, freedom of communication. This is education!

We have a duty to support libraries. Use libraries, encourage others to use libraries, protest against library closings. If you don’t value libraries, then you don’t value information, or culture, or wisdom. You silence the voices of the past and harm the future.

Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. Actuality of the choosen topic is observed in Sidney Sheldon ‘s (1917–2007. American writer and producer) quota, who perfectly describes: “Libraries store the energy that fuels the imagination. They open up windows to the world and inspire us to explore and achieve, and contribute to improving our quality of life!”, because “...you don’t get anything for nothing. Everything has to be earned, through work, persistence and honesty” – Grace Kelly.

Our description became interesting observation for this search after getting acquainted with a letter from Evelyn Byrne (Faculty Advisor at the Elizabeth Barrett Browning High School in New York City) to to Grace Kelly in which her students wondered about a list of her favorite teenage books. So, this is how our search began!

The author concentrates the attention on the strong action to unveiling the future we want starts with investing into the generation that will build it, talking about the power of art and artistic leadership, about how leaders can influence the creativity of modern society – the Power of Representation!

By examining Grace Kelly’s contributions in terms of women’s creativity and political investment, we can best appreciate the wide range of her cultural output and the influence she had that continues to shape politics and culture in the decades to come. Albert Einstein (1879-1955. Theoretical physicist) once told, that “The only thing that you absolutely have to know, is the location of the library.” On a side street near the Oceanographic Museum is the Princess Grace Irish Library. The Only Irish Library in the Mediterranean by this address: 9 rue Princesse Marie-de-Lorraine.

As the result of this search we conclude, that documentary heritage relating to the history of Monaco is made up of sources that are vital to the knowledge and promotion of Monegasque heritage:

“Annales monégasques”,
The Prince’s Palace Archives,
Historical official directories of the Principality,
Historical local press,
The Historical Sites of the Grimaldis of Monaco,
Dictionary of the Monegasque Language by the National Committee for Monegasque Traditions,
The Prince Peter of Monaco Award for Literature prize has existed since 1951,
«Rencontres Philosophiques de Monaco»,
Collections of the Monaco Multimedia Library,
Collections of the Monaco Audiovisual.

We see the perspectives in education with the help of television using various genres: reports from the laboratory, museum, library, interviews with cultural figures, scientists, etc. New topics of educational programs appear every year, which require a non-standard approach, disclosure, structural construction, the purpose of which is to develop culture in the realm of books, in its natural connection with the cultures of other nations, to effectively use literature in the national and cultural revival of one’s own people, its historical consciousness and traditions, activation of cultural, educational and charitable activities, sports initiatives for the sake of health and life.

Odysseus of our times: Jacques-Yves Cousteau

2025-03-28T17:02:48+02:00

When did man first dive under water? Three thousand, five thousand years ago? Or perhaps even earlier? Today no one would be able to say this. However, legends, fairy tales and fantastic tales tell us that already in those times that have sunk into eternity, man was possessed by a thirst to know and conquer “the world of silence.” Why do we care about excavations, why are we drawn to travel, why do we dive underwater to look into the depths of the sea, who managed to break the record of the hero of Jules Verne’s novel “Around the World in Eighty Days” at the end of the 19th century? We were told about great geographical discoveries in geography and history lessons, and people who made a lot of efforts to understand the world that we now call planet Earth. They are called discoverers and it is they who are described on the pages of this article.

The French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau is world-renowned as a marine explorer and defender of the oceans. He has sailed all over the world on océanographie expeditions and has also written and produced films about the oceans. In 1957, Jacques Cousteau was appointed director of the Institut océanographique in Monaco.

So, we invite you to go on an exciting journey through the world of amazing adventures and incredible discoveries with us!

Object of offence and circumstances of thefts from warehouses

2025-03-28T17:09:07+02:00

The following components of the forensic characteristics of thefts from warehouses have been investigated: the circumstances of the commission of a criminal offense and the subject of the criminal offense. A forensic classification of warehouses has been developed depending on: the structure of the warehouse building: large, medium, small, separate rooms for storing products, open or covered areas; levels of protection: high, medium level of protection, without protection, the area is not protected; characteristics of the storage conditions of goods: refrigerated, freezer, insulated or heated, with different degrees of humidity (dry, wet); operating mode: 24 hours a day, working hours during the day, working depending on the need for this; location of the warehouse from access roads and settlements: in densely populated cities, in the immediate vicinity of cities, within a five-kilometer zone, in towns and small towns, in villages. The place, time and other components of the circumstances of the theft, their dependence on the object of the unlawful encroachment were investigated.

It was established that the circumstances of the commission of a criminal offense are an important element of the forensic characterization, which is closely related to the subject of the criminal offense and the traces left at the crime scene. It is proposed to divide the objects of the unlawful encroachment depending on the method of sale of the stolen goods into: objects intended for further sale; objects intended for their further use in industrial production or the service sector both by the thief himself and by the circle of his relatives, friends, acquaintances; objects used directly by the thief for his own consumption.

These elements are decisive for the development of other components of the forensic characterization, namely: methods of committing the offense, trace picture, characteristics of the offender and the injured party.

Constitutional regulation of economic relations: institutional analysis

2025-03-28T18:19:12+02:00

The modern theory of constitutionalism considers the constitutional system as a basic element of the state system, which determines the fundamental principles of the organization of social and state life. In this system, the economic system appears as an integral component that establishes the basic principles of economic functioning and the nature of economic relations in the state. The study of the theoretical and legal aspects of the interaction of the constitutional and economic system in the context of modern global economic transformations is of particular relevance.

The study reveals a systematic analysis of the economic component of the constitutional system through the prism of its theoretical and legal understanding. The historical development of conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the constitutional system, its relationship with the categories of social and state systems is considered. The place of the economic system in the structure of the social system is determined along with other key components – political, social and cultural.

Based on a comprehensive analysis, it was established that the economic system is a historically formed complex of principles and normatively established rules that regulate economic relations in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The constitutional and legal mechanisms for regulating economic relations and their impact on the development of the economic system were studied. A complex interdependence between the constitutional system and the economic order was revealed, where constitutional norms outline the legal framework of economic activity, and economic processes influence the implementation of constitutional principles. In the context of globalization and economic integration, the search for the optimal balance between state regulation and economic freedom, between the protection of national interests and international economic cooperation, is of particular importance. In the context of European integration, the need to adapt national legislation to European standards in the field of constitutional and legal regulation of economic relations is emphasized.

Using the specialised knowledge in the investigation of child endangerment

2025-03-28T18:28:54+02:00

The scientific article highlights the peculiarities of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of endangering an underage person. The author analyses the opinions of scholars on the concept of special knowledge and classification of its forms in the forensic theory. It is emphasized that in order to form the evidence base in criminal proceedings, it is necessary to use special knowledge in the following forms: appointment of forensic examinations; involvement of a specialist during procedural actions, reference and advisory form, etc. It is proved that the participation of a specialist is justified during such investigative (detective) actions as an investigative examination, interrogation, temporary access to things and documents; presentation for identification, investigative experiment. The author defines the role of a teacher (psychologist) during the interrogation of a juvenile victim: assistance to the investigator in establishing psychological contact with the interrogated person; assistance in choosing effective tactical techniques and methods of psychological influence, taking into account the personality of the interrogated person; etc. The author identifies the difficulties of interrogating an underage person and emphasises the use of modern techniques and specialists with extensive experience in interrogating underage persons.

Attention is drawn to the role of consultations as an auxiliary form in the appointment of forensic examinations. The author identifies the forensic examinations which are of greater importance in criminal proceedings of this category, including: trace evidence, biological, forensic medical, and forensic psychiatric examinations. Attention is drawn to obtaining initial information during a psychological examination.

The problem of codification of urban planning legislation

2025-03-28T18:38:11+02:00

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of codification of urban planning legislation, in particular the codification of norms of a permitting nature in the field of urban planning activity in Ukraine as a problematic issue due to the presence of a large number of uncodified legislative acts, which create difficulties for users and subjects of state power in terms of applying the norms of such uncodified acts.

The article examines the issue of the sphere of relations regulated by such regulatory legal acts and notes the prospect of better regulation of the relevant sphere of urban planning legislation in the event that such urban planning legislation becomes codified.

The general and special legal principles for carrying out permitting activities in the field of urban planning legislation are presented, applying which currently the subjects of urban planning activity would already have codified legislation in the field of urban planning in Ukraine. The special legal principles for permitting activities in the field of urban planning in Ukraine are studied, using which it will become easier to codify urban planning legislation and ensure that the subjects of urban planning legal relations realize their legitimate rights and interests in the above-mentioned area.

Theoretical and legal characteristics of the problem of blanketness of the norms of the law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” regarding the exercise of the right to work by civil servants

2025-03-28T18:51:11+02:00

The scientific article carries out a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the problem of blanket norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” in the context of the implementation of the right to work by civil servants. The author analyzes the essence of blanket norms, their impact on the legal regulation of labor relations and social guarantees of civil servants. Particular attention is paid to the problems of legal uncertainty that arise as a result of references to other regulatory legal acts without proper detailing of the mechanisms for implementing the law. The negative consequences of such gaps are highlighted, in particular, the risks of ambiguous interpretation, corruption manifestations and restrictions on the legal protection of civil servants.

The work emphasized that constant changes in legislation in the field of civil service without a systematic scientific approach lead this instability of law enforcement , reducing the predictability of the regulation of labor relations . Specific recommendations are proposed for improving legislation aimed at eliminating the blanket nature of norms , in particular by detailing their content , developing transparent algorithms for implementing the right this work and strengthening social guarantees .

The author explored the relationship between the blanket nature of norms and the level of professional motivation of civil servants , emphasizing that legal uncertainty not only reduces the effectiveness of work , but also negatively affects the image of the civil service as a whole . The lack of clear mechanisms for law enforcement creates space for administrative barriers and unequal access this labor rights , which is especially important in the context of reforming national labor legislation.

Legality as the basis for the validity of transactions in civil law

2025-03-28T18:59:03+02:00

The article highlights a comprehensive study of the institution of legal acts in the civil law of Ukraine, tracing their evolution from Roman law to modern legal structures. The central place in the study is occupied by the conceptual distinction between the categories of “legality” and “legality” in the context of legal acts, where legality appears as a complex characteristic that encompasses not only compliance with positive law, but also consistency with the principles of civil law and legal customs.

A key aspect of the study is the analysis of public order as a fundamental criterion for the validity of legal acts in accordance with Article 228 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The author offers an expanded interpretation of the concept of public order, including violations of regulatory acts relating to the state structure, political system and economic security of the state.

The practical component of the study focuses on judicial practice regarding challenging the validity of legal acts due to violations of public order, especially in cases involving tax authorities. The necessity of preliminary establishment of the intention of the parties in criminal or administrative proceedings before recognizing a transaction as violating public order is substantiated. Specific mechanisms for improving the application of Article 228 of the Civil Code of Ukraine are proposed through the introduction of clear criteria for assessing violations of public order.

The methodological basis of the study is a synthesis of historical-legal and dogmatic analysis, which includes the study of the sources of Roman law, modern legislation of Ukraine, judicial practice and doctrinal provisions of civil law. The results obtained have both theoretical value for the development of civil science and practical significance for optimizing law enforcement in the field of invalidity of transactions.

Features legal responsibility as an element mechanism protection social rights of civil servants

2025-03-28T20:07:31+02:00

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of legal liability in ensuring and protecting the social rights of civil servants. Particular attention is paid to the publicity of disciplinary procedures, which contributes to improving discipline, reducing violations of social rights and strengthening citizens’ trust in state institutions. The analysis of the regulatory framework shows the need to improve the mechanisms of legal liability, taking into account European integration requirements and modern socio-economic conditions of Ukraine.

Constitutional liability is considered as the basis of the legal status of civil servants, establishing general principles and principles for the protection of social rights. Criminal liability is analyzed from the point of view of preventing serious violations that may have systemic consequences for state institutions and society. Material liability focuses on compensation for damages caused by violations of social rights, ensuring economic protection of civil servants. Administrative liability is considered as an effective tool for regulating the behavior of civil servants in their daily activities, contributing to compliance with legislative norms and standards. Disciplinary liability, in particular, is analyzed in the context of increasing the level of professionalism and ethical behavior of civil servants through the publicity of disciplinary procedures, which strengthens public trust in state institutions. Civil liability is considered as a mechanism for protecting the individual social rights of civil servants, providing legal protection in cases of unlawful actions or inaction.

The findings of the study confirm the need to apply a differentiated approach to legal liability, which takes into account the specifics of each type of liability and their interaction in ensuring comprehensive protection of the social rights of civil servants.