Prognosis of the probability of the development of deviant behavior among HIV infected with non-psychotic mental disorders based on multiple logistic analysis.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2019.4.189372Keywords:
HIV infected, non-psychotic mental disorders, deviant behavior, depression, anxiety, psychopathological symptomsAbstract
The coexistence of psychopathological symptoms with HIV / AIDS is associated with aggravation of their condition due to the likelihood of deviant behavior. The aim of the study – assessment of the likelihood of deviant behavior in HIV-positive patients with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. A comprehensive clinical and psychodiagnostic examination of 114 HIV-infected patients with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders was conducted including clinical-diagnostic interviews, pathopsychological and experimental-psychological methods of investigation, including the method of Ch.D. Spielberger in modification of Yu.L. Hanin (STAI - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) for assessing anxiety level, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for assessing depression, SCL-90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised) for assessing psychiatric symptoms. Statistical processing of the results was performed using descriptive and analytical methods implemented in the software STATISTICA 6.1 (StatSoftInc., Serial No. AGAR909E415822FA). Frequency and severity of depression and anxiety in HIV-infected persons is significant and by 3.4-4 times exceeds the corresponding indicators of a healthy Ukrainian population. Anxiety, depression, and other psychopathological symptoms according to SCL90-R scales (except for the obsessive-compulsive scale) are more pronounced in HIV-infected patients with destructive behavior than in patients without it. The chances of developing deviant behavior in HIV-infected persons with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders are increased at GSI>1 by 20.0 times (95% CI 5.63 - 71.07), in the presence of depressive symptoms – by 6.76 times (95% CI 2.16 – 21.18) and at a high level of personal anxiety – by 4.61 times (95% CI 2.05 - 10.40). Psychopathological symptoms of people with HIV status are characterized by high rates of depression and anxiety, somatization, paranoid ideas, interpersonal sensitivity. In patients with signs of deviant behavior, the severity of these disorders and the severity index of psychopathological symptoms was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared with patients who do not have such characteristics. According to the logistic prognostic model, the chance of developing deviant behavior significantly increases with an increase in the index of overall severity of psychopathological symptomatology, with an increase in the level of depression, and a level of personal anxiety. Considering this, when providing medical assistance to HIV-infected people, their needs for psycho-correction should be taken into account in order to prevent deviant behavior.
References
Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Eftekharzadeh Mashhadi I, Zibaee R, Hosseinpoor AM, Fathi-Moghaddam F, Bidkhori H. Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms Using SCL-90-R among HIV/AIDS Individuals in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011;13(1):58–59.
Looby SE, Psaros C, Raggio G, et al. Association between HIV status and psychological symptoms in perimenopausal women. Menopause. 2018;25(6):648–656. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001058
Beck JS, Beck AT, Jolly JB, Steer RA. The Beck Youth Inventories, 2nd Edn. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, 2005.
Huang X, Li H, Meyers K, et al. Burden of sleep disturbances and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional survey among HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy across China. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):3657. Published 2017 Jun 16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03968-3
Hill LM, Gottfredson NC, Kajula LJ, et al. Changes in Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Predict Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(5):1435–1445. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1991-3
Ezeamama AE, Woolfork MN, Guwatudde D, et al. Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Predict Sustained Quality of Life Deficits in HIV-Positive Ugandan Adults Despite Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(9):e2525. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002525
Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring of Procedures Manual-II for the R (evised) Version and Other Instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scale Series: Clinical Psychometric Research Incorporated. 1992.
Rane MS, Hong T, Govere S, et al. Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Delayed Care-Seeking Behavior in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals in South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1411-1418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy309
Hutton H, Lesko CR, Chander G, Lau B, Wand GS, McCaul ME. Differential effects of perceived stress on alcohol consumption in moderate versus heavy drinking HIV-infected women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;178:380–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.021
Miners A, Phillips A, Kreif N, et al. Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population. Lancet HIV. 2014 Oct;1(1):e32-40. Epub 2014 Sep 22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)70018-9
McGuire JL, Kempen JH, Localio R, Ellenberg JH, Douglas SD. Immune markers predictive of neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV-infected youth. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;22(1):27–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00463-14
Heaton RK, Franklin DR Jr, Deutsch R, et al. Neurocognitive change in the era of HIV combination antiretroviral therapy: the longitudinal CHARTER study. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(3):473-480. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu862
Tesfaw G, Ayano G, Awoke T, et al. Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among patients with HIV on-follow up at Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):368. Published 2016 Nov 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1037-9
Shacham E, Önen NF, Donovan MF, Rosenburg N, Overton ET. Psychiatric Diagnoses among an HIV-Infected Outpatient Clinic Population. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2016 Mar-Apr;15(2):126-30. Epub 2014 Oct 27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957414553846
Sun W, Wu M, Qu P, Lu C, Wang L. Psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS under the new epidemic characteristics in China and the risk factors: a population-based study. Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov; 28:147-52. Epub 2014 Oct 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.010
Hobkirk AL, Starosta AJ, De Leo JA, et al. Psychometric validation of the BDI-II among HIV-positive CHARTER study participants. Psychol Assess. 2015;27(2):457-466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000040
Sereda Y, Dembitskyi S. Validity assessment of the symptom checklist SCL-90-R and shortened versions for the general population in Ukraine. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):300. Published 2016 Aug 26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1014-3
Šimundić AM. Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy: Basic Definitions. EJIFCC. 2009 Jan 20;19(4):203-11. eCollection 2009 Jan.
Familiar I, Murray S, Ruisenor-Escudero H, et al. Socio-demographic correlates of depression and anxiety among female caregivers living with HIV in rural Uganda. AIDS Care. 2016;28(12):1541-1545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1191609
Spielberger C.D. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). CA: Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983. 224 р. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000
Liu Y, Niu L, Wang M, Chen X, Xiao S, Luo D. Suicidal behaviors among newly diagnosed people living with HIV in Changsha, China. AIDS Care. 2017 Nov;29(11):1359-1363. Epub 2017 Jun 8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1338653
Huang X, Meyers K, Liu X, et al. The Double Burdens of Mental Health Among AIDS Patients With Fully Successful Immune Restoration: A Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety and Depression in China. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:384. Published 2018 Aug 24. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00384
Nedelcovych MT, Manning AA, Semenova S, Gamaldo C, Haughey NJ, Slusher BS. The Psychiatric Impact of HIV. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017;8(7):1432–1434. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00169
Asch SM, Kilbourne AM, Gifford AL, et al. Underdiagnosis of depression in HIV: who are we missing? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(6):450–460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20938.x
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Submitting manuscript to the journal "Medicni perspektivi" the author(s) agree with transferring copyright from the author(s) to publisher (including photos, figures, tables, etc.) editor, reproducing materials of the manuscript in the journal, Internet, translation into other languages, export and import of the issue with the author’s article, spreading without limitation of their period of validity both on the territory of Ukraine and other countries. This and other mutual duties of the author and all co-authors separately and editorial board are secured by written agreement by special form to use the article, the sample of which is presented on the site.
Author signs a written agreement and sends it to Editorial Board simultaneously with submission of the manuscript.
