УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СТУПЕНЕЙ СЖАТИЯ И ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ КРИОГЕННЫХ УСТАНОВОК БОЛЬШОЙ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Abstract

Creation the cryogenic helium and hydrogenous installations of major output are impossible to exchange numerous piston and screw-shaped compressors by centrifugal compressors. High speeds of a sound in He and H2 and their low gravities are cause very small compression ratios cryoagents at one stage of turbocompressor. In the given article in a general formulation of the complex problems of creation a large helium and hydrogenous systems on the basis of only machine of dynamic operating, namely turbocompressors and expansion turbines is esteemed. Shown, that such approach can be realised by transferring from a compression of helium and hydrogen to contraction of mixtures cryoagent-refrigerant. Design and experimental researches of a stage contraction and precooling of the helium refrigerator the possibility as essential decrease number stages contraction turbocompressor, and considerable abatement of expenditure liquid nitrogen for chilling stream of shortly mixture are affirmed. The features variation of basic performances of a stage contraction and precooling are established at usage of mixtures helium with low-temperatures refrigerants R13 and R14. The task of definition optimal ratio mixture He-R13 as the task of a maximization economic efficiency of transferring from contraction He in screw-shaped oil-filled compressors to contraction of a mixture optimal composition in turbocompressors is delivered and resolved. The solution of given task is illustrated in an application to the large cryogenic installations: to the cryogenic helium system of a accelerating-accumulative complex and KGU-5000/4,5 which having at the temperature of 4,5 К cold-productivity accordingly, 33 and 5 kW.