Peculiarities of toxicodynamics and evaluation of hazard of the new avermectin class insecticides–abamectin and emamectin.

Abstract

Based on the expert-analytical study of literature and websites on the results of toxicological experiments of varying duration, a hygienic evaluation of the new class of insecticides – macrocyclic lactones: abamectin and emamectin was done. It was found that by the parameters of acute oral and inhalation toxicity abamectin isreferred to a highly dangerous pesticides (class 1), by acute percutaneous toxicity – to moderately dangerous (3), by irritating and allergenic action – to low dangerous (4). According to LD₅₀ emamectin in single administration into the stomach and on the skin belongs to class 3, by acute inhalation toxicity and irritation of the mucous membranes – to class 2 (dangerous), by skin irritation – to 3-4 class, having allergenic potential – 4 class of danger. CF-1 mice are animals most sensitive to the effects of avermectins due to polymorphism of their mdr 1a gene, coding P-glycoprotein. The main target organ to avermectin action was recognized to be the central nervous system. ADI of abamectin for humans was established at the level of 0,0002 mg/kg (the lowest NOAEL by systemic toxicity for parent and offspring generation was set in the experiment studying reproductive toxicity on rats – 0,12 mg/kg, a safety factor – 600) and emamectin – 0,001 mg/kg (the lowest NOEL was established in 16-day experiment on CF-1 mice – 0,1 mg/kg and a safety factor – 100).