Diagnostic value of the gingival cytogram in school-age children suffering from chronic gastritis and duodenitis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2024.2.307612

Keywords:

cytogram, epitheliocytes, gingiva, diagnostics, chronic gastritis, duodenitis

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of morbidity associated with digestive organ pathology in the pediatric population. The oral cavity is the digestive tract opening, sharing a common ectodermal origin with it. The changes in the cytogram of the oral mucous membranes can signal about exacerbation of pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this work: to identify the features of gingival cellular composition in school-age patients with chronic gastritis and duodenitis in order to improve diagnostic methods at the disease stages. Examinations of the gingival cytogram in children aged 12-17 years with chronic gastritis and duodenitis (27 individuals with the disease in acute stage, 30 – in remission) were carried out. The control group included 28 children who did not have any somatic pathology by the results of the examination. For cytological examination, imprint smears from the gingival vestibular surface of the upper and lower jaws were made. The smears were fixed and stained by the May-Grunwald Pappenheim method, and then examined using a microscope with an im­mersion system. The percentage of epithelial cells and connective tissue cells  was calculated per 100 cells. The number of pathologically altered epithelial cells was determined: with vacuolated cytoplasm, with nucleus deformation. In children with chronic gastritis and duodenitis disorders in the gingival cellular composition with a predominance of dystrophic components were found, that was manifested by a decrease in the proportion of epithelial cells at terminal stages of differentiation, an increase in the proportion of cells with cytopathological phenomena, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. Changes in the cytogram were especially expressed in the phase of disease exacerbation. Knowing the phases of the wound process, based on the timing and sequence of the cellular ensembles seen in the cytogram, it is possible to control the disease periods, and timely apply measures to prevent exacerbations. This diag­nostic method is especially indicated for children who have relative and absolute contraindications for fibroesogastroduodenoscopy.

References

Sdravou K, Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki E, Mitakidou MR, Printza A, Evangeliou A, Fotoulaki M. Children with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract are more likely to develop feeding problems. Ann Gastroenterol. 2019 May-Jun;32(3):217-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2019.0348

Gizaw Z, Addisu A, Guadie D. Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Under-5 Children in Rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Env Health Insights. 2020;14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178630220927361

Sorokman T, Koliesnik D, Popelyuk N. Chronic gastroduodenitis associated with Helicobacter pylori in combination with giardiasis in children. Сhild`s health. 2022;17(1):23-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.17.1.2022.1488

Romanenko YG, Komskyi MP. Morphological Changes in the Upper Part of Digestive Tract in a Case of Ex¬perimental Duodenogastric Reflux. JBBBE. 2018;35:77-87. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBBE.35.77

Peres KG, Thomson WM, Chaffee BW, Pe-res MA, Birungi N, Do L, et al. Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential. J Dent Res. 2020;99(12):1321-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520942208

Onyschenko AV, Sheshukova OV, Yeroshen-ko HA. Сlinical and cytological characteristics of the gums in children of primary school age with normal body weight and overweight. Wiadomości Lekarskie. 2021;24(3):423-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202103108

Adetona O, Mok S, Rajczyk J, Brinkman MC, Ferketich AK. The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review. Tobacco Induced Dis. 2021;19(81). doi: https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/142521

Pop AM, Coroș R, Stoica AM, Monea M. Early Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Alterations in Smokers and E-Cigarette Users Based on Micronuclei Count: A Cross-Sectional Study among Dental Students. Int J Env Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):13246. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413246

Naik SS, Nayak A, Kottrashetti V, Bhatt A. Com-parative assessment of exfoliated gingival cells in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients with and without tobacco chewing habit: A cytomorphometric study. J of Ind Soc Periodontol. 2022;26(2):117-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_817_20

Priyadarshini HR, Bennete AF, Anand ST. Clinical and cytological findings in oral cavity of young shisha smokers and non-smokers – a comparative study. JOMOS. 2022;28(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021050

Strahova OP, Androsov OI. [Statistical methods of processing the results of medical and biological research]. Lviv; 2021. 164 p. Ukrainian.

Pelaez-Prestel HF, Sanchez-Trincado JL, Lafuente EM, Reche PA. Immune Tolerance in the Oral Mucosa. International J Molec Sci. 2021;22(22):12149. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212149

Moutsopoulos NM, Konkel JE. Tissue-Specific Immunity at the Oral Mucosal Barrier. Trends Immunol. 2018;39(4):276-87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2017.08.005

Moonen CG, Hirschfeld J, Cheng L, Chapple IL, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Oral Neutrophils Characterized: Che-motactic, Phagocytic, and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation Properties. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;10:635. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00635

Waasdorp M, Krom BP, Bikker FJ, van Zuij-len PP, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. The Bigger Picture: Why Oral Mucosa Heals Better Than Skin. Biomolec. 2021 Aug 6;11(8):1165. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081165

Leliefeld PH, Pillay J, Vrisekoop N, Heeres M, Tak T, Kox M, et al. Differential antibacterial control by neutrophil subsets. Blood Adv. 2018; 2(11):1344-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015578

Rijkschroeff P, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Oral Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Contributes to Oral Health. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2018;5(4):211-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-018-0199-6

Toma AI, Fuller JM, Willett NJ, Goudy SL. Oral wound healing models and emerging regenerative therapies. Trans. Res. 2021;236:17-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.003

Ollington B, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Immuno-responsive Tissue-Engineered Oral Mucosal Equivalents Containing Macrophages. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2021;27(8):462-71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0124

Boothby IC, Cohen JN, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells in skin injury: At the crossroads of tolerance and tissue repair. Sci Immunol. 2020 May 5(47). doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz9631

Landen N, Li D, Stahle M. Transition from inflammation to proliferation: A critical step during wound healing. Cell Molec Life Sci. 2016;73(20):3861-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2268-0

Iglesias-Bartolome R, Uchiyama A, Molinolo AA, Abusleme L, Brooks SR, Callejas-Valera JL, et al. Trans-criptional signature primes human oral mucosa for rapid wound healing. Sci Transl. 2018;10(451). doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8798

Downloads

Published

2024-06-28

How to Cite

1.
Romanenko Y, Komskyi M, Titov O, Bureha I, Khotimska Y, Lavreniuk Y, Alieksieienko V, Holub A. Diagnostic value of the gingival cytogram in school-age children suffering from chronic gastritis and duodenitis. Med. perspekt. [Internet]. 2024Jun.28 [cited 2024Nov.4];29(2):151-8. Available from: https://journals.uran.ua/index.php/2307-0404/article/view/307612

Issue

Section

CLINICAL MEDICINE