Changes in immunological reactivity in bacterial-immune inflammation of the periodontium under the condition of using different types of removable dentures

Yu.I.  Poliukhovych; A.Ye.  Demkovych

doi:10.26641/2307-0404.2025.1.325349

Authors

Yu.I. Poliukhovych I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli, 1, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4726-9372
A.Ye. Demkovych I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli, 1, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-4283

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2025.1.325349

Keywords:

removable denture, base materials, acrylic denture, nylon denture, immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, periodontitis

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of acrylic and nylon bases of removable dentures on the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of rats with bacterial-immune periodontitis. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: I – control (n=10); II – animals with periodontitis on the 30th day of research (n=8); III – animals with periodontitis on the 30th day of research with acrylic bases (n=8); IV – animals with periodontitis on the 30th day of research with nylon bases (n=8). Acrylic bases were made by thermal polymerization of polymethacrylate material, and nylon bases were made from thermoplastic material by the method of pressing under pressure. Experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis was caused by injection of a mixture of microorganisms suspended in egg protein into the periodontal tissue. To enhance the immune response, rats were simultaneously administered Freund's complete adjuvant. This procedure was repeated on the 14th day. On the 30th day, blood serum was collected. The concentration of immunoglobulins A, M, G was determined by immunoturbidimetric method, circulating immune complexes – by precipitation method using photometry. The results were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods. On the 30th day of periodontitis development, the level of IgA, M and G increased compared to the control by 2.70 times (p<0.001); 1.25 times (p<0.01) and 1.28 times (p<0.01), respectively. After fixation of acrylic bases, the content of IgA, M and G also increased by 2.48 times (p<0.001); 1.19 times (p<0.001) and 1.13 times (p<0.01), respectively. The use of acrylic bases led to a decrease in immunoglobulins compared to results without dentures. The use of nylon plastic contributed to an increase in the level of all classes of immunoglobulins, but they were lower compared to the data without prosthetics. Determination of IgA and M with nylon prosthetics showed their decrease compared to acrylic bases. The indicators of circulating immune complexes under prosthetics were higher when using acrylic bases than with nylon dentures. During the development of inflammation in the periodontium, a response of the innate link of the cellular immune system to prosthetics with acrylic and nylon structures was observed, which affects the nature of the development, course and completion of the inflammation.

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