DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD SCIENCES IN UKRAINE IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2413-2039.10/42.192167Keywords:
child sciences, paedology, areas of child study, child studies, development and upbringing of the childAbstract
FEDOROVYCH Anna – PhD (Education), Associate Professor of General Pedagogy and Preschool Education Department, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 24 Ivan Franko Str., Drohobych, 82100, Ukraine
E-mail address: f_anna_v@ukr.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-5039
ResearcherID: https://publons.com/researcher/1967804/anna-fedorovych/
CHEPIL Mariya – PhD hab. (Education), Professor of General Pedagogy and Preschool Education Department, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 24 Ivan Franko Str., Drohobych, 82100, Ukraine
E-mail address: chepilmaria@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2215-3994
ResearcherID: https://publons.com/researcher/2354679/marija-czepil/
To cite this article: Fedorovych, A., & Chepil, M. (2020). Development of child sciences in Ukraine in the early 20th century. Human Studies. Series of Pedagogy, 10/42, 47‒61. doi: https://doi.org/10.24919/2413-2039.10/42.192167
Article history
Received: December 3, 2019
Received in revised form: January 15, 2020
Accepted:March 11, 2020
Available online: April 28, 2020
Journal homepage:
p-ISSN 2313-2094
e-ISSN 2413-2039
© 2020 The Authors. Human studies. Series of Pedagogy published by Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University & Open Journal Systems. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
The article focuses on the history of child sciences in Ukraine; the emergence of the paedological movement, which was spread worldwide in the early 20th century world, is demonstrated; the scientific origins of the knowledge about the child are examined and on this basis the approaches that determined the areas of research in this field are characterized. It has been found that the paedology being singled out was caused by two scientific factors: on the one hand, the scientists accumulated psychological and pedagogical experimental knowledge, looking for ways to improve the pedagogical process, methods and techniques of teaching; on the other, the achievements of the natural sciences intensified the study of man in general, which also caused the attention to the childhood period. The early twentieth century was marked by pluralism of opinions, approaches, and areas of study of the child. Specialists in various scientific fields tried to explain the features of the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, and social development, paying special attention to the detection of pathologies. The paedology synthesized all the major scientific studies and achievements related to the development of the child’s personality. The influence of this science on the further development of pedagogy, psychology, and defectology was decisive. It has been proved that the greatest rise of paedology was in the 1920s. Its content was characterized by psychological, anatomical, physiological, biological and sociological approaches to the development of the child. In Ukraine, the essence of child sciences has been expanded thanks to a cultural and historical approach. It is emphasized that the source of modern child sciences (child psychology, pedagogical psychology, social pedagogy, special pedagogy and psychology, paedeutology, school hygiene, ethnography of childhood, genetic psychology, child psychiatry, psychology of labor and human behavioral biology) was paedology.
Funding. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
References
Ananin, S. (1923). Pedologiya [Paedology]. Put prosveshcheniya – The path of enlightenment, 4, 39–54 [in Russian].
Baldwin, D. (1911). Dukhovnoye razvitiye detskogo individuuma i chelovecheskogo roda. Metody i protsessy [Spiritual development of a child’s individual and human race. Methods and processes]. Transl. from English. Moscow: Moscow Book Publishing [in Russian].
Bekhterev, V. (1927). Ob obshchestvennom vospitanii detey rannego vozrasta [About public education of young children]. Revolyutsiya i kultura – Revolution and culture, 1, 39–41 [in Russian].
Blonskiy, P. (1934). Pedologiya [Paedology]. Moscow: GUP [in Russian].
Bolotnikova, I. (2004). Rozvytok ideyi tsilisnoho doslidzhennya dytyny v ukrayinskiy pedolohiyi 20 – 30-kh rokiv XX stolittya [The development of the idea of a holistic study of the child in the Ukrainian paedology of the 1920s and 1930s]. (Doctor’s thesis). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Byford, A. (2016). V.M. Bekhterev in Russian Child Science, 1900s – 1920s: “objective psychology” / “reflexology” as a scientific movement. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 52, 99–123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.21775.
Chamberlain, A. (1911). Ditya. Ocherki po evolyutsii cheloveka [Child. Essays on human evolution]. Transl. from English. Moscow: MIZ [in Russian].
Chepiha, Ya. (2003). Pedolohiya, abo nauka pro ditey [Paedology, or the science of children]. In L. Berezivska (Ed.), Malovidomi pershodzherela ukrayinskoyi pedahohiky (druha polovyna XIX – XX st.) – Little-known primary sources of Ukrainian pedagogy (second half of 19th – 20th centuries) (pp. 208–212). Kyiv: Naukovyy svit [in Ukrainian].
Drummond, V. (1910). Vvedeniye v izucheniye rebenka [Introduction to the study of the child]. Transl. from English. Moscow: Moscow Book Publishing [in Russian].
Hall, S. (1912). Sobraniye statey po pedologii i pedagogike [Collection of articles on pedology and pedagogy]. Moscow: Moscow Book Publishing [in Russian].
Kostyuk, H. (1933). Pedolohiya: pidruchnyk dlya pedahohichnykh tekhnikumiv [Paedology: a textbook for pedagogical technical schools]. Kyiv: Radyanska shkola [in Ukrainian].
Kvas, O. (2011). Periodyzatsiya rozvytku psykhiky dytyny u psykholoho-pedahohichnykh doslidzhennyakh S. Baleya [Periodization of child’s psyche development in psychological and pedagogical research of S. Baley]. Molod i rynok – Youth and Market, 10, 42–47 [in Ukrainian].
Lay, V. (1905). Eksperimentalnaya didaktika [Experimental didactics]. Transl. from English. Saint Petersburg: Published by N.P. Karbasnikov [in Russian].
Lazurskiy, A. (1904). Programma issledovaniya lichnosti [Program of the study of personality]. Vestnik psikhologii, kriminalnoy antropologii i gipnotizma – Journal of Psychology, Criminal Anthropology and Hypnotism, 9, 686–709 [in Russian].
Luparenko, S. (2015). Pytannya dytynstva u vitchyznyaniy pedahohitsi XX stolittya: teoriya ta praktyka [Issues of childhood in the national pedagogy of the twentieth century: theory and practice]. Kharkiv: H.S. Skovoroda KhNPU [in Ukrainian].
Meyman, E. (1914). Lektsii po eksperimentalnoy pedagogike. T. 1: Fizicheskoye i dukhovnoye razvitiye detey [Lectures on experimental pedagogy. Vol. 1: Physical and spiritual development of children]. N. Vinogradov (Ed.); Transl. from German. Moscow: Mir [in Russian].
Molozhavyy, S. (1924). Programma izucheniya povedeniya rebenka ili detskogo kollektiva [A program for studying the behavior of a child or a children’s collective]. Moscow: OMPTG Publishing House [in Russian].
Muzychenko, O. (1918‒1919). Reforma shkoly chy shkilna reformatsiya? [School reform or school reformation?]. Vilna ukrayinska shkola – Free Ukrainian school, 4, 201–207 [in Ukrainian].
Nechaev, A. (1907). Kurs lektsiy po pedagogicheskoy psikhologii, chitannyy na letnikh pedologicheskikh kursakh v Sankt-Peterburge [Course of lectures on pedagogical psychology, read at summer pedological courses in St. Petersburg]. Saint Petersburg: Lithography by Yu. Semechkina [in Russian].
Ohiyenko, I. (1918). Ukrayinska kultura. Korotka istoriya kulturnoho zhyttya ukrayinskoho naroda: kurs, prochytanyy v Ukrayinskomu natsionalnomu universyteti [The Ukrainian culture. A brief history of the cultural life of the Ukrainian people: a course read at the Ukrainian National University]. Kyiv: Publishing House of E. Cherepovsky Bookstore [in Ukrainian].
Preyer, T. (1891). Dusha rebenka [The soul of a child]. Saint Petersburg: Published by A.E. Riabchenko [in Russian].
Rossolimo, G. (1911). Obshchaya kharakteristika psikhologicheskikh profiley [General characteristics of psychological profiles]. Moscow: Typography of KL Menshov [in Russian].
Rusova, S. (1996). Vybrani pedahohichni tvory [Selected pedagogical works]. Kyiv: Osvita [in Ukrainian].
Sikorskiy, I. (1901). Dusha rebenka: s kratkim ocherkom dalneyshey psikhicheskoy evolyutsii [The soul of the child: with a brief outline of further psychic evolution]. Saint Petersburg: Print. M.M. Stasyulevich [in Russian].
Siropolko, S. (1919). Zavdannya novoyi shkoly [Tasks of the new school]. Nova Ushytsia in Podillya: Book Publishing of PGNU [in Ukrainian].
Smolinchuk, L. (2008). Naukovo-pedahohichnyy dorobok Oleksandra Samiylovycha Zaluzhnoho (1886–1938) [The scientific and pedagogical achievements of Alexander Zaluzhny (1886–1938)]. (Candidate’s thesis). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Sukhomlynska, O. (Ed.). (1996). Narysy istoriyi ukrayinskoho shkilnytstva (1905 – 1933) [Essays on the history of Ukrainian schooling (1905 – 1933)]. Kyiv: Zapovit [in Ukrainian].
Trynus, O. (2012). Osvitnya diyalnist Oleksandra Muzychenka [Educational activity of Olexandr Muzychenko]. Zhytomyr: NAPNU [in Ukrainian].
Vygotskiy, L. (1928). Razvitiye trudnogo rebenka i yego izucheniye [Development of a difficult child and its study]. In A. Zalkind (Ed.), Osnovnyye problemy pedologii v SSSR: (tezisy Pervogo Vserossiyskogo Paedologicheskogo Kongressa (27.12.1927 – 3.01.1928)): sbornik dokladov i tezisov nauchnoy konferentsii – The main problems of Paedology in the USSR: (Abstracts of the First All-Russian Pedagogical Congress (27.12.1927 – 3.01.1928)): a collection of reports and abstracts of a Scientific Conference (pp. 132–136). Moscow [in Russian].
Yanchenko, T. (2013). Rozvytok pedolohiyi yak naukovoyi haluzi u SShA ta Zakhidniy Yevropi u kintsi XIX – na pochatku XX st.: dzhereloznavchyy aspekt [The development of paedology as a science in the United States and Western Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the source aspect]. Pedahohichnyy dyskurs – Pedagogical discourse, 15, 782–787 [in Ukrainian].
Yanchenko, T. (2017). Vytoky ta zasady naukovoho rozvytku ta praktychnoho vtilennya pedolohiyi v Ukrayini [Origins and principles of scientific development and practical implementation of paedology in Ukraine]. (Doctor’s thesis). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Zalkind, A. (1934). Pedologiya: uchebnik dlya doshkolnykh otdeleniy pedagogicheskikh tekhnikumov [Pedology: a textbook for preschool departments of pedagogical colleges]. Moscow: Uchpedgiz [in Russian].
Zaluzhnyy, O. (1926). Metody vyvchennya dytyachoho kolektyvu. Vstup do pedahohiky kolektyvu [Methods of studying the children’s collective. Introduction to the collective pedagogy]. Kharkiv: Knyhospilka [in Ukrainian].
Zaluzhnyy, O. (1933). Pedolohiya: pidruchnyk dlya pedahohichnykh instytutiv [Paedology: a textbook for pedagogical institutes]. Kharkiv: Radyanska shkola [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Human Studies. Series of Pedagogy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editorial policy and ethics of the scholarly journal Human Studies. Series of Pedagogy is grounded on the recommendations of Committee on Publications Ethics (COPE), best practice of Ukrainian and international academic societies, institutions and editorial boards of scientific periodicals, and also on the Ethic Standards of Ukrainian Scientists. Scientists should be confident of reliability and soundness of their own researches and their colleagues’, as well. Unfortunately, this situation has not been flawless recently, as now and then one can face the ethics violations, which in an undermining factor for people’ trust to science and those of the academic world. To prevent such a situation in Ukraine, every researcher should be wholly concern to follow the ethic requirements and be fully aware of the public opinion forming he is responsible for.
Ethical Obligations of Authors
- An author presents a concise and accurate report of the research and an objective discussion of its significance. A primary research report should contain sufficient and clear detail and its findings should be amenable to verification by peers with no data distortion or manipulation.
- An author bears responsibility for the scientific content as well as the fact of publication.
- An author should cite those publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work and that will guide the reader quickly to the earlier work that is essential for understanding the present investigation. It is necessary that the fundamental sources used in this research, if not obtained by an author, should be properly cited.
- It is not acceptable to represent plagiarism as original work for publication or previously published articles. An Author should bear responsibility, should this be disclosed.
- Those who have contributed significantly to the research and share the responsibility for obtained results should be listed as co-authors. On submission of the manuscript, the corresponding author attests to the fact that those named as co-authors have agreed to its submission for publication and accepts the responsibility for having properly included all (and only) co-authors.
- An author should reveal to the editor any potential conflict of interest that might be affected by publication of the results contained in a manuscript.
- An author should identify the source of all information quoted or offered, all references to the sources used in the research should be provided in accordance with APA.
- The editorial board reserves the right to reject the manuscript that does not meet the set standards.
Publication Agreement and Copyright License
This is a publication agreement and copyright license (“Agreement”) regarding a written or contribution to the manuscript currently entitled ________________________________________________________________
The parties to this Agreement are: _____________________________________ (individually, or if more than one author, collectively, “Author”)
and Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, publisher and copyright owner of the Human Studies. Series of Pedagogy in the person of Rector Mrs. Skotna N.V. (“Publisher”).
1. LICENSE OF COPYRIGHT
a) Author grants to the Publisher a royalty-free, worldwide, non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, display, distribute, and use the Work in any form and in any media, in whole or in part, either separately or as part of a collective work, including but not limited to a nonexclusive license to publish the Work in an issue of the Publication, copy and distribute individual reprints of the Work, authorize reproduction of the entire Work in another publication, and authorize reproduction and distribution of the Work or an abstract thereof by the means of computerizes retrieval system. The Author retains ownership of all rights under copyright in the Work (or portion of the written by the Author), and all rights not expressly granted in this Agreement.
b) The Author grants to the Publisher the power to assign, sublicense, or otherwise transfer any and all licenses expressly granted to the Publisher under this Agreement.
c) Republication. The Author agrees to require that the Publisher be given credit as the original publisher in any republication of the World authorizes by the Author. If the Publisher authorizes any other party to republish the Work under the terms of paragraphs 1a and 1b of this Agreement, the Publisher shall require such party to ensure that the Author is credited as the Author.
2. EDITING OF THE WORK
The Author agrees that the Publisher may edit the Work as suitable for inclusion in the Publication. To the extent that the Publisher’s edits amount to copyrightable works of authorship, the Publisher hereby assigns all right, title, and interest in such edits to the Author. The Publisher agrees to publish the Work subject to the understanding that the Work will not be published in the Publication unless, in its final form, the Work is acceptable to both the Author and the Publisher.
3. WARRANTIES
a)The Author represents and warrants that, to the best of the Author’s knowledge, the Work does not defame any person, does not invade the privacy of any person, and does not in any other manner infringe upon the rights of any person. The Author agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Publisher against all such claims.
b) The Author represents and warrants that the Author has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to grant the licenses granted in this Agreement.
c)The Author represents and warrants that the Work furnished to the Publisher has not been published previously.
4. TERM
This Agreement shall remain in effect for as long as copyright protection subsists in the Work as defined by the copyright laws of each country in the World.
5.PAYMENT
The Author agrees and acknowledges that the Author will receive no payment from the Publisher for use of the Work or the licenses granted in this Agreement, unless separately negotiated in writing. The Publisher will publish the Work and will provide the Author with print copy of the bound Publication in which the Work appears as per its normal policy. The Author will have the opportunity to order additional reprints at the Author’s expense before the Publication containing the Work goes to press.
6. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
a. This Agreement supersedes any and all other agreements, either oral or in writing, between the Author and the Publisher with respect to the subject of this Agreement. This Agreement contains all of the warranties and agreements between the parties with respect to the Work, and each party acknowledges that no representations, inducements, promises, or agreements have been made by or on behalf of any party expect those warranties and agreements embodied in this Agreement.
Author(s):___________ Publisher: Skotna N.V.,
Signed:_____________ Drohobych Ivan Franko
Date:_______________ State Pedagogical University
Signed:_____________________
Date:_______________________
