АНГЛОМОВНА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПИТАННЯ В СРСР

Анотація

В статті досліджено еволюцію поглядів англомовної радянологічної історіографії на проблему національної політики КПРС та особливості національних відносин в СРСР повоєнного періоду. Визначено позицію провідних фахівців з національного питання, прослідковано теоретичні та методологічні підходи радянологів до аналізу національних процесів в СРСР повоєнного періоду. В статті також досліджено питання використання радянологами доробку радянських дисидентів національно-демократичного напрямку.

В статье исследуется эволюция взглядов англоязычной историографии на проблему национальной политики КПСС и особенности национальных отношений в СССР послевоенного периода. Определена позиция ведущих специалистов по национальному вопросу, прослеживаются теоретические и методологические подходы советологов в отношении анализа национальных процессов в СССР послевоенного периода. В статье также исследуется вопрос использования советологами наработок советских диссидентов национально-демократического направления.

The article concerns the questions of the national policy of CPSU and peculiarities of the national relations in the USSR of the past-war period. There were defined the attitudes of the main specialists in the national questions, revealed some theoretical and methodological approaches of the sovietologists in analysis of the national processes in the USSR of the past-was period. The article also concerns the question by sovietologists of using some results of the soviet dissents of national-democratic way.

There were researched some views of sovietology scientists on the problem of the soviet national policy. Among them there was analyzed the book of Soviet emigrant A.Avtorkhanov “The Empire of the Kremlin: The Soviet type of Colonialism” translated into Russian in 1990. The book concerned the problem of theory and practice of the national policy of the Communist party of the USSR. The article analyzed ways and methods of the theoretical research by Avtorkhanov. There stressed that he was sure in the imperialistic kind of the Soviet Union powered by authoritative rule of the Soviet government and political party. There was also indicated the results of the author’s research of the national policy in Ukraine after revolution, during a special policy of Ukrainian culture and during the II World war. It is pointed out that Ukrainian national movement was considered as “a third power” in contradiction to communist and fascist regime.

Another object of research was the soviet policy towards Jews in the USSR by Julius Jacobson. There was stressed that author considered soviet regime as the worst among industrial countries in most aspects of civil, cultural and religious relations.

Problems of the national policy were researched on the base of the analysis of the articles of J. Birch, S. Bialer and Z. Brzezinski. These authors were the most critical to the objectives and obstacles of the soviet regime in national republics. There was indicated that these authors considered in XX th century. At their point of view the USSR was a close relative to the Russian Empire and preserved the worst ways of national oppression.

As a result of the research there were indicated some aspects:

1. Foreign authors considered the soviet regime as an empire that continued the national policy of the Russian Empire.

2. The collapse of the soviet regime and breaking of the soviet power is the result of the postponed national politics that was suppressed by the fierce regime and came into power after political reforms in the post-Stalin period.

3. The final attitude to the problem of the soviet national politics should be considered in complex with the aspects of political, economical and cultural patterns. Ignoring them makes researches rather narrow and not too much relevant.