Metal Hydride Technology of Hydrogen Activation
Keywords:
hydrogen, metal hydride, atomic hydrogen emission, activation, mass spectrometry, gas dischargeAbstract
The effect of hydrogen activation by metal hydrides is considered. It is established that activated hydrogen exists in different forms: in the form of excited H2 molecules, excited hydrogen atoms and positive ions. To study the activation of hydrogen, various methods of mass spectrometry were used. The reasons for the formation of activated hydrogen in interaction with hydride-forming materials are discussed. For hydride-forming materials, one of the possible factors leading to the activation of hydrogen followed by desorption into the gas phase is isobaric hysteresis. Hysteresis in metal-hydrogen systems occurs when the pressure of hydride formation is higher than the pressure of its decomposition. The use of the phenomenon of metal hydride activation can improve the energy characteristics of virtually all types of energy-converting devices using hydrogen as a working fluid. This effect can be used in reactions of heterogeneous catalysis, in particular, in the ignition of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures, in devices using hydrogen as a working medium, as an environmentally friendly energy carrier in engines or in power and electro-physical facilities. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the use of atoms and excited hydrogen molecules as an activation ionic additive to traditional fuels leads not only to saving the latter but also to reducing the content of toxic products in the exhaust gases. A small (0.5 %) admixture of atomic hydrogen in the combustion zone is just as effective as the addition of 10 – 12 % of ordinary molecular hydrogen. The use of excitation energy for nonequilibrium states of hydrogen appears to be one of the most promising ways to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of energy equipment and improving its environmental characteristics.References
Shmal'ko Yu. F., Lototsky M. V., Klochko Ye. V. Formation of Excited H Species Using Metal Hydrides. J. Alloys and Compaunds. 1995. Vol. 231. P. 856–859.
Lobashina N. E., Savvin N. N., Myasnikov I. A. Investigation of Mechanism of H2 Spillover on Sprayed Metallic Catalysts. Kinetics and Catalysis. 1984.Vol. 25. No. 2. P. 502–504.
Leonova G. I. Catalytic Reduction of LaNi5-Based Aromatic Nitro Compounds on Intermetallic Hydrides, Modified by Cerium and Copper: Avtoref. Ph.D. Diss. / MGU Publ.Moscow, 1989. 24 p.
Basteev A., Popov V., Prognimak A. Effect of Hydrogen (Deuterium) Activation During Interaction with Some Transition Metal Surfaces. Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. Munchen.1993. Bd 181. P. 313–319.
Allan M., Wong S. F. Effect of Vibrational Exitation on Dissociative Attachment in Hydrogen. Phys. Rev. Letters. 1978. Vol. 41. No 26. P. 1791–1794.
Borisko V. N., Klochko Ye. V., Lotolsky M. V. Technological Plasma Source of Negative Ions. Nuclear Science and Technology.Ser. Physics of Radiation Damages and Radiation Material Sci.1998. Vol. 3(69), 4(70) P. 179–182.
Shmal'ko Yu. F., Solovey V. V., Lototsky M. V., Klochko Ye. V. Mass-Spectrometry Determination of Vibrationally Excited States of Molecules of Hydrogen Desorbed From the Surface of Metal Hydrides. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 1995. Vol. 20. No 5. P. 357–360.
Gaydon A. Dissociation energy and spectra of diatomic molecules.Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1949. 304 p.
Huber K. P., Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra And Molecular Structure. Vol. IV. Constants Of Diatomic Molecules.New York, 1979. 732 p. (Russ. ed.: Huber K. P., Herzberg G. Constants Of Diatomic Molecules.Moscow: Mir Publ., 1984. Vol. 1. 472 p.).
Popov V. V., Basteev A. V., Solovey V. V. (1996). Effect of Metal-Hydride Activation of Hydrogen and Investigation of its Influence on the Characteristics of Gas-Discharge Hydrogen-Using Energy Conversion Devices. Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Vol. 21. Issue 4. P. 259–265.
Alefeld G., Felkl I. Hydrogen in Metals.Moscow: Mir Publ., 1981. Vol. 2. 430 p.
Deryagin B. V., Kluycv V. A., Upson A. GOn Possible Nuclear Reactions at Failure of Solids. Colloid J. 1986. Vol. 48. P. 12–14.
Podgorny A. N. Solovey V. V., Lotolsky M. V. Hydrogen Activation in Hydrogen – Intermetallic Hydride Systems. Issures in Nuclear Science and Technology. Ser. Atomic Hydrogen Power and Engineering. 1987. No. 1. P. 68–72.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 V. V. Solovei, A. N. Avramenko, A. M. Lievtierov, K. R. Umerenkova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All authors agree with the following conditions:
- The authors reserve the right to claim authorship of their work and transfer to the journal the right of first publication of the work under the license agreement (the agreement).
- Authors have a right to conclude independently additional agreement on non-exclusive spreading the work in the form in which it was published by the jpurnal (for example, to place the work in institution repository or to publish as a part of a monograph), providing a link to the first publication of the work in this journal.
- Journal policy allows authors to place the manuscript in the Internet (for example, in the institution repository or on a personal web sites) both before its submission to the editorial board and during its editorial processing, as this ensures the productive scientific discussion and impact positively on the efficiency and dynamics of citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
