Self-Sufficient PV-H2 Alternative Energy Objects
Keywords:
energy storage, metal-hydride, electrolysis technologies, photovoltaic cellsAbstract
Energy storage becomes more important as mankind switch to renewable energy, away from fossil resources. Traditional way – batteries - offer a limited number of cycles, require regular maintenance; nevertheless gravitational storage, flywheels, compressed air are mainly large scale and expensive methods. The hydrogen as energy carrier and hydrogen fuel cells are possible option to store different amounts of energy for relatively long times with low losses. Different solutions for self-sufficient sun/wind energy objects are analysed - the solar radiation collecting systems, wind power generators, and high pressure electrolysis technologies for hydrogen production and the metal-hydride energy storage. This article describes the development of a versatile technology that can be used to provide continuous power for small and medium-sized self-sufficient objects or their micro-grids using alternative energy and energy storage. The technology uses advanced electrolysis and fuel cells to efficiently store excess energy from sun/wind generation as hydrogen for later use in fuel cellsReferences
1. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028
2. Consumption of energy resources in Latvia. The Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia (CSB). Viewed 02.03.2016: http://www.csb.gov.lv/en
3. Ukraine: Energy Sector Highlights. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Viewed 02.03.2016: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=UKR
4. S. Romanko. Alternative Energy in Ukraine: Challenges, Prospects and Incentive Mechanisms. Country Report: Ukraine. Viewed 28.02.2016: www.iucnael.org/en/documents/1248-ukraine-1
5. S. Sabihuddin, A.E. Kiprakis, M. Mueller, Energies 2015, 8, 172-216.
6. X. Luo, J. Wang, M. Dooner, J. Clarke, Applied Energy, vol. 137 (2015) 511–536.
7. Decourt, B, Lajoie, B, Debarre, R, & Soupa, O 2014, The hydrogen-based energy conversion FactBook, The SBC Energy Institute.
8. Millet, P & Grigoriev, S 2013, “Water electrolysis technologies”, in: Gandia, L, Arzamendi, G, & Diéguez, P (eds.), Renewable hydrogen technologies, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
9. V.V. Solovey; A. Shevchenko; A. Kotenko; O. Makarov. 3013. The Device for Generation High-pressure Hydrogen. Patent of Ukraine № 103681 МПК С25В 1/12, С25В 1/03. Made public on November 11, 2013, Bulletin № 21.
10. V.V.Solovey, A.A. Shevcenko, I.A. Vorobjeva, V.M.Semikin, C.A. Koversun, Scientific Journal of Kharkiv National Auto-Road University, Kharkiv, 2008, No 43, p. 69-72 (In Russian).
11. J. O'M. Bockris, T.N. Veziroglu, Estimates of the price of hydrogen as a medium for wind and solar sources. Int. J.of Hydrogen Energy, vol.32 (12) 2007, p.
12. N. Shimizu et all, A novel method of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis using an ultra-short-pulse power supply, J. of Applied Electrochemistry (2006) 36: 419–423.
13. M.Vanags, J.Kleperis, G.Bajars "Electrolyses model development for metal/electrolyte interface: Testing with microrespiration sensors", I. J. of Hydrogen Energy, Vol 36, issue 2, (2011), p.
14. A.Roger, How Much Battery Storage Does a Solar PV System Need? 2015, on http://euanmearns.com/how-much-battery-storage-does-a-solar-pv-system-need/;
15. Calculation of Solar Insolation: http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/calculation-of-solar-insolation
16. M. Vanags, J. Kleperis and G. Bajars. Water Electrolysis with Inductive Voltage Pulses. Chapter 2 in Book: Electrolysis, Editors J. Kleperis and V. Linkov, InTech (2012), pp.19-44, doi.org/10.5772/52453
17. Latvian Environment Geological and Meteorological Centre: https://www.meteo.lv/lapas/laika-apstakli/klimatiska-informacija/latvijas-klimats/latvijas-klimats?id=1199&nid=562
18. Thomas, George. Overview of Storage Development DOE Hydrogen Program [pdf]. Sandia National Laboratories, 9 May 2000.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 J. Kleperis, V. V. Solovey, V. V. Fylenko, M. Vanags, A. Volkovs, L. Grinberga, A. Shevchenko, M. Zipunnikov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All authors agree with the following conditions:
- The authors reserve the right to claim authorship of their work and transfer to the journal the right of first publication of the work under the license agreement (the agreement).
- Authors have a right to conclude independently additional agreement on non-exclusive spreading the work in the form in which it was published by the jpurnal (for example, to place the work in institution repository or to publish as a part of a monograph), providing a link to the first publication of the work in this journal.
- Journal policy allows authors to place the manuscript in the Internet (for example, in the institution repository or on a personal web sites) both before its submission to the editorial board and during its editorial processing, as this ensures the productive scientific discussion and impact positively on the efficiency and dynamics of citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).