Modern regulation of data circulation in developed countries: organisational and legal framework

Abstract

The article was devoted to the study of modern approaches to the regulation of data circulation in developed countries, focusing on the organisational and legal frameworks that ensure secure, ethical, and efficient data governance. It analyzed the principles and mechanisms underlying the legal frameworks, with particular attention to data minimization, transparency, and accountability. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore regional differences in regulatory practices, highlighting the interplay between national priorities and global standards. Special emphasis was placed on understanding how these frameworks have adapted to technological advancements and the increasing complexity of cross-border data flows in the digital economy.

Revealed were the strengths and weaknesses of data regulation practices in regions such as North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific. In Europe, the GDPR demonstrated a robust and harmonized approach that influenced global data protection standards, while North America showcased a fragmented landscape with progressive state-level initiatives like the CCPA. In the Asia-Pacific, Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information was highlighted for its adaptability and alignment with international norms. These findings underscored the diversity in approaches, shaped by legal traditions, economic contexts, and policy objectives, and their implications for achieving a balanced data governance model.

Substantiated was the necessity of integrating public-private collaborations to address the challenges posed by emerging technologies and dynamic regulatory environments. Examples such as Australia’s cybersecurity partnerships and global initiatives like the World Economic Forum’s Centre for Cybersecurity highlighted the value of cooperative efforts in ensuring effective regulation. These collaborations provided a blueprint for balancing innovation with regulatory oversight, enabling adaptable and forward-looking governance models capable of responding to rapid technological changes and increasing cyber threats.

Deserves special attention the global influence of the GDPR, which has set a benchmark for transparency, accountability, and consent, inspiring similar frameworks worldwide, including Brazil’s LGPD and South Korea’s PIPA. The need for continuous updates to legal frameworks, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and international cooperation was emphasized as critical for addressing enforcement gaps and harmonizing data protection standards. The article concluded with recommendations for further research and policy innovation to strengthen global data governance in the face of ongoing digital transformation.