Definition and confirmation concept of urbicide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2024.6.21Keywords:
urbicide, genocide, crime, city, destructionAbstract
The article analyzes the concept of urbicide, the need to define this concept in legal norms, the connection between urbicide and genocide and ecocide. The increasing relevance of urbicide research is determined by the threat of damage or destruction of the city in order to influence the public activity of the population. After or alongside the commission of urbicide, other serious crimes are committed.
The purpose of the study is to define the concept and orientation of urbicide, establish the need to introduce the concept of urbicide into international law, study the purpose of committing urbicide, the connection between urbicide with genocide and ecocide, and determine the beginning of the crime.
Philosophical method, cognitive method, legal method, system analysis, comparative jurisprudence, and historical method are used to study the concept and impact of urbicide.
It was concluded that the commission of urbicide has a negative effect on the civilian population of the state. The need to study all aspects of the introduction of criminal responsibility for the commission of urbicide is explained by the growing practice of committing the specified act during the war in Ukraine.
Paying attention to the correct definition of urbicide is determined by the need to prevent the commission of urbicide. Manifestations of urbicide over time acquire severe manifestations, as a result of which the civilian population leaves for other states and does not always return, there is a significant negative impact on the civilian population, cities, and environmental safety in the state. It is difficult to fully determine the negative impact of urbicide even when conducting research, it is difficult to analyze the recovery of the city and establish the ability to renew the previous infrastructure to ensure normal living of the civilian population. Taking into account the continuation of the war, it is impossible even to predict what period will be needed for the reconstruction of the city after the urbicide and how long the threat of the next urbicide will remain in the state.
References
Ustinova, I.I., Pleshkanovska, A.M. (2022). Urbitsyd ta povoienne vidnovlennia zhytlovoi zabudovy mist Ukrainy: dosvid ta perspektyvy. [Urbicide and post-war restoration of residential development in cities of Ukraine: experience and prospects]. Mizhnarodnyi naukovyi zhurnal. Hraal nauky. № 23. S. 463–471. [in Ukrainian].
Dmytro Lubinets (2022). Shchorichna dopovid Upovnovazhenoho Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy z prav liudyny pro stan doderzhannia prav i svobod liudyny i hromadianyna v Ukraini u 2022 rotsi. [Annual report of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the state of observance of human and citizen rights and freedoms in Ukraine in 2022]. URL: https://ombudsman.gov.ua/report-2022/vstup [in Ukrainian].
Pankiv, O. (2023). Misto ta viina: ekzystyntsiinyi vymir. [City and War: Existential Dimension]. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia filos.-politoloh. studii. Vypusk 49, pp. 99–104. [in Ukrainian].
Martin Kovard, Kostiantyn Mezentsev (2022). Urbitsyd – tse «vbyvstvo mista». Form i vydiv tsoho yavyshcha, na zhal, isnuie chymalo. [Urbicide is the “murder of the city”. Unfortunately, there are many forms and types of this phenomenon]. LB. ua. 25 hrudnia. URL: https://lb.ua/culture/2022/12/25/540194_martin_kovard_kostyantin_mezentsev.html [in Ukrainian].
Kliuchko, L., Bedrii, Ye., Khabusiev, Ye. (2024). Viiskovyi urbitsyd proty Ukrainy. [Military urbicide against Ukraine]. Chasopys sotsialno-ekonomichnoi heohrafii. Vypusk 36. S. 83–93. [in Ukrainian].
Mykhailova, O. (2022). Perspektyvy kvalifikatsii zlochynu urbitsydu v mizhnarodnomu humanitarnomu pravi. [Prospects for the qualification of the crime of urbicide in international humanitarian law]. Naukovi pratsi mizhrehionalnoi akademii upravlinnia personalom. Yurydychni nauky vypusk 2 (62). S. 92–98. [in Ukrainian].
Vbyvstvo v mistakh ye viiskovym zlochynom. Sveriges Arkitekter. [Killing in cities is a war crime]. Liutyi, 16. URL: https://www.arkitekt.se/blogg/blogg-disorder/stadsmord-ar-ett-krigsbrott/ [in Ukrainian].
Rymskyi Statut Mizhnarodnoho kryminalnoho sudu. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy. [Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Legislation of Ukraine]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_588#Text [in Ukrainian].
Mezentsev, K., Mezentsev, O. (2022). War and the city: Lessons from urbicide in Ukraine. Czasopismo Geograficzne, 93(3), 495–521. https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-93-20, pp. 508. [in English].
Ukraina pislia urbitsydu: vidnovlennia mist i hromad: uchast kafedry turyzmu ta ekonomiky v onlain-dyskusii. Fakultet heohrafii, turyzmu ta istorii. [Ukraine after urbicide: restoration of cities and communities: participation of the Department of Tourism and Economics in an online discussion. Faculty of Geography, Tourism and History]. URL: https://kdpu.edu.ua/turyzmu-ta-ekonomiky/naukova-robota/naukova-robota-vykladachiv/20297-ukraina-pislia-urbitsydu- vidnovlennia-mist-i-hromad-uchast-kafedry-turyzmu-ta-ekonomiky-v-onlain-dyskusii.html [in Ukrainian].
Panchenko, L. (2023). Zruinovana Ukraina: naslidky viiny dlia nashykh mist, pryrody ta silskoho hospodarstva. [Ruined Ukraine: the consequences of war for our cities, nature and agriculture]. Khmarochos. Berezen, 27. URL: https://hmarochos.kiev.ua/2023/03/27/zrujnovana-ukrayina-naslidky-vijny-dlya-nashyh-mist-pryrody-ta-silskogo-gospodarstva/ [in Ukrainian].
Slyvka, R., Hlukhaniuk, B. (2017). Prostorovi proiavy viiskovoho urbitsydu na postradianskomu prostori. [Spatial manifestations of military urbicide in the post-Soviet space]. Rehion-2017: stratehiia optymalnoho rozvytku: materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (m. Kharkiv, Veresen, 19-20). Kh.: KhNU imeni V.N. Karazina. S. 63–65. [in Ukrainian].
Malchykova, D., Pylypenko, I. (2022). Okupatsiinyi urbitsyd: miskyi dosvid i povsiakdenni praktyky naselennia [Occupation urbicide: urban experience and everyday practices of the population (the example of Kherson, Ukraine)]. (pryklad Khersona, Ukraina). Ekonomichna ta sotsialna heohrafiia. Kyiv. Vyp. 88. S. 6–15. [in Ukrainian].
Palekha, Yu.M., Malchykova, D.S., Antonenko, N.V., Pylypenko, I.O. (2023). Pidkhody do typizatsii terytorialnykh hromad v umovakh zbroinoi ahresii rosii proty Ukrainy. [Approaches to the typification of territorial communities in the conditions of Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine]. Ukr. heohr. zhurn. № 4. S. 36–43. [in Ukrainian].
Avdieiev, O.O. (2023). Henotsyd yak naitiazhchyi mizhnarodnyi zlochyn v konteksti zbroinoi ahresii Rosiiskoi Federatsii. [Genocide as the most serious international crime in the context of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation]. Visnyk kryminolohichnoi asotsiatsii Ukrainy. № 1 (28). S. 134–140. [in Ukrainian].
Pavlii, I., Zhuk, T. (2024). Yakyi inozemnyi ta ukrainskyi dosvid stane u pryhodi pry vidbudovi mist skhodu. [What foreign and Ukrainian experience will be useful in the reconstruction of the cities of the East]. Khmarochos. Sichen, 12. URL: https://hmarochos.kiev.ua/2024/01/12/yakyj-inozemnyj-ta-ukrayinskyj-dosvid-stane-u-prygodi-pry-vidbudovi-mist-shodu/ [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Victoriia Yavorska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
