Modern trends in the development of terrorism as a socio-legal phenomenon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2025.2.17Ключові слова:
terrorism, fight against terrorism, security, terrorist-oriented criminal offenses, legislation, preventionАнотація
The study demonstrates the results of generalizing the definitions of the concept of “terrorism”, which are enshrined in international law and national legislation; determines the factors that influence its formation and spread; and also contains proposals for improving the legislation of Ukraine to solve problems that arise in the activities of law enforcement agencies to minimize the existence of this negative phenomenon in modern society.
The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic analysis of international legal acts and the legislation of Ukraine on the fight against terrorism, research by scientists, analytical materials, and judicial practice. Other methods and approaches were also used, in particular: logical-semantic (to analyze the very content of the concept of “terrorism”), phenomenological (to distinguish the characteristics of terrorism as a social phenomenon), comparativist (to compare foreign experience in counteracting terrorism with Ukrainian realities), hermeneutic (for an adequate interpretation of the political and legal context of manifestations of terrorism), dogmatic (or formal-logical – to identify gaps in Ukrainian legislation), pragmatic methods (to prove the expediency and usefulness of the proposed provisions).
It has been proved that various manifestations of terrorism are openly demonstrated in Ukraine, which the Russian Federation commits after a full-scale invasion of the territory of a sovereign, independent, democratic, legal state. And this forces the Ukrainian legislator to respond promptly. In particular, a regulatory definition of “terrorist organization” and “organized terrorist group” is needed; it is necessary to create a Register of terrorist organizations; it is necessary to revise the powers of special entities for combating terrorism, and in the conditions of an armed conflict to expand their powers. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of recognizing the Russian Federation as a state-sponsor of terrorism, which will lead to the revision of international legal acts on counteracting this socio-legal phenomenon and will contribute to its regulatory settlement.
Посилання
145 Asambleia Mizhparlamentskoho Soiuzu pryiniala finalnu Rezoliutsiiu, u yakii rizko zasudzhuietsia ahresiia rosii proty Ukrainy [145th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union adopted the final Resolution, which sharply condemns Russia’s aggression against Ukraine] Retrieved from: https://www.rada.gov.ua/news/razom/229190.html [in Ukrainian].
Adejumo, T.O., Adams, J.A., & Abumbe, G.T. (2022). Terrorism and abrahamic religious tradition: a focus on boko haram islamic fundamentalism in the north-eastern nigeria. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(2), 177-201. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2282177a [in English].
Bilenchuk P.D., Kofanov A.V., Kobylianskyi O.L. (2009) Mizhnarodnyi teroryzm: konsolidovanyi analiz zabezpechennia bezpeky: navch. posibn. Kyiv: NNIPSK KNUVS, 2009. 72 s. (Seriia «Bezpeka liudyny, suspilstva, derzhavy») [International terrorism: a consolidated analysis of security: training manual Kyiv: NNIPSK KNUVS, 72 p. (Series “Safety of man, society, state”)] [in Ukrainian].
Council of Europe Counter-Terrorism Committee, CDCT. Council of Europe. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/counter-terrorism/cdct [in English].
Global Terrorism Index 2022 report. Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GTI-2022-web-09062022.pdf [in English].
Global Terrorism Index 2025. Retrieved from: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-terrorism-index-2025 [in English].
Laqueur, W. Terrorism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1977. Pp. 277. [in English].
Minakawa Makoto. Is terrorism a crime under customary international law?: Issues on the definition of international terrorism raised by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. THE NAGOYA GAKUIN DAIGAKU RONSHU; Journal of Nagoya Gakuin University; SOCIAL SCIENCES 58 (3), 41-54, 2022-01-31. [in English].
Nigeria’s Boko Haram crisis: UN ‘appalled’ by twin jihadist attacks in Borno, bbcNews, June 14, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53041886 [in English].
Noelle C. Chubb. Terrorism: The Case of Donbas and Ukraine. Spring 2022. Retrieved from: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=lib_awards_2022_docs [in English].
Ofis Heneralnoho prokurora Ukrainy [Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine] Retrieved from: https://www.gp.gov.ua/ [in Ukrainian].
PARIe sohodni ukhvalyla rezoliutsiiu «Podalsha eskalatsiia ahresii Rosiiskoi Federatsii proty Ukrainy» [PACE today adopted the resolution “Further escalation in the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine”] Retrieved from: https://www.rada.gov.ua/news/razom/229133.html [in English].
Pavko Ya. Yadernyi teroryzm u svitli viiny rosiiskoi federatsii proty Ukrainy [Nuclear terrorism in the light of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine] Retrieved from: http://www.golos.com.ua/article/363889 [in Ukrainian].
Pro borotbu z teroryzmom: Zakon Ukrainy vid 20 bereznia 2003 r. № 638-IV [On combatting terrorism: Law of Ukraine of March 20, 2003 No. 638-IV]. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/638-15#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro Kontseptsiiu borotby zteroryzmom v Ukraini: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy vid 5 bereznia 2019 r. № 53/2019 [On the Concept of Combating Terrorism in Ukraine: Decree of the President of Ukraine dated March 5, 2019 No. 53/2019] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/53/2019#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro Polozhennia pro Antyterorystychnyi tsentr ta yoho koordynatsiini hrupy pry rehionalnykh orhanakh Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy vid 14 kvitnia 1999 r. № 379/99 [On the Regulations on the Anti-Terrorist Center and its coordination groups under the regional bodies of the Security Service of Ukraine: Decree of the President of Ukraine dated April 14, 1999 No. 379/99] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/379/99#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro zapobihannia ta protydiiu lehalizatsii (vidmyvanniu) dokhodiv, oderzhanykh zlochynnym shliakhom, finansuvanniu teroryzmu ta finansuvanniu rozpovsiudzhennia zbroi masovoho znyshchennia: Zakon Ukrainy vid 6 hrudnia 2019 r. № 361-IX [On prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds obtained through crime, financing of terrorism and financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: Law of Ukraine dated December 6, 2019 No. 361-IX.] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/361-20#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro zatverdzhennia Polozhennia pro yedynu derzhavnu systemu zapobihannia, reahuvannia i prypynennia terorystychnykh aktiv ta minimizatsii yikh naslidkiv : Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 18 liutoho 2016 r. № 92 [On the approval of the Regulation on the unified state system for preventing, responding to, and ending terrorist acts and minimizing their consequences: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 18, 2016 No. 92.] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/92-2016-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro zatverdzhennia zvitnosti za formoiu № 1-LFT «Zvit pro rezultaty rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh provadzhen pro kryminalni pravoporushennia shchodo lehalizatsii (vidmyvannia) maina, oderzhanoho zlochynnym shliakhom, finansuvannia teroryzmu, rozpovsiudzhennia zbroi masovoho znyshchennia: nakaz Ofisu Heneralnoho prokurora Ukrainy vid 29 chervnia 2022 r. № 110 [On the approval of reporting in form No. 1-LFT “Report on the results of the investigation of criminal proceedings on criminal offenses related to the legalization (laundering) of property obtained through crime, the financing of terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: order of the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine dated June 29, 2022 No. 110.] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0110905-22#Text [in Ukrainian].
Pro Zvernennia Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy do Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu ta krain Hrupy Semy yak zasnovnykiv Mizhnarodnoi hrupy z protydii vidmyvanniu brudnykh hroshei (FATF) shchodo posylennia borotby z vidmyvanniam koshtiv, u tomu chysli koshtiv kryminalnoho pokhodzhennia, z finansuvanniam teroryzmu, z finansovymy mekhanizmamy, yaki vykorystovuie Rosiiska Federatsiia dlia unyknennia sanktsii ta prodovzhennia vtorhnennia na terytoriiu Ukrainy: Postanova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy vid 29 lypnia 2022 r. № 2496-IX. [On the Address of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the European Union and the countries of the Group of Seven as founders of the FATF regarding the strengthening of the fight against money laundering, including funds of criminal origin, the financing of terrorism, the financial mechanisms used by the Russian Federation to avoid sanctions and continue to invade the territory of Ukraine: Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated July 29, 2022 No. 2496-IX.] Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2496-20#n9 [in Ukrainian].
Proiekt Postanovy pro Zvernennia Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy do Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii, Yevropeiskoho Parlamentu, Parlamentskoi Asamblei Rady Yevropy, Parlamentskoi Asamblei OBSIe, Parlamentskoi Asamblei NATO, Parlamentskoi Asamblei OChES, uriadiv i parlamentiv derzhav svitu pro vyznannia zbroinykh syl Rosiiskoi Federatsii ta rosiiskykh pryvatnykh viiskovykh kompanii terorystychnymy orhanizatsiiamy (reiestr. № 7519 vid 04.07.2022) [Draft Resolution on the Address of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the United Nations, the European Parliament, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the BSEC, the governments and parliaments of the countries of the world on the recognition of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and Russian private military companies as terrorist organizations (reg. No. 7519 dated 04.07.2022)] Retrieved from: https://itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/Card/39900 [in Ukrainian].
Proiekt Zakonu pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo vdoskonalennia borotby z teroryzmom (reiestr. № 7349 vid 05.05.2022) [Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving the Fight against Terrorism (Reg. No. 7349 dated 05.05.2022).] Retrieved from: https://itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/CardByRn?regNum=7349&conv=9 [in Ukrainian].
Saeima paziņojumā atzīst Krieviju par terorismu atbalstošu valsti. Retrieved from: https://www.saeima.lv/lv/aktualitates/saeimas-zinas/31308-saeima-pazinojuma-atzist-krieviju-par-terorismu-atbalstosu-valsti [in Latvian].
Saudi Arabia, UAE slam ‘Houthi’ missile attack in Yemen’s Marib, Al-Jazeera News, January 20, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/1/20/saudi-arabia-uae-slam-houthi-missile-attack-in-yemens-marib [in English].
Sereda V.V., Serkevych I.R. (2016) Teroryzm: kryminolohichna determinatsiia i kryminalno-pravova protydiia: monohrafiia / za zah. red. V. S. Kantsira. Lviv: LvDUVS [Terrorism: criminological determination and criminal law countermeasures: monograph / by general. ed. V. S. Kantsir. Lviv: LvDUVS]. [in Ukrainian].
Trebin, M.P. (2019). FENOMEN TERORYZMU: ROZUMINNIa SUTNOSTI. “Visnyk NIuU imeni Yaroslava Mudroho”. Seriia: Filosofiia, filosofiia prava, politolohiia, sotsiolohiia, 2(41), 88–102. [THE PHENOMENON OF TERRORISM: UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENCE. “Yaroslav the Wise NYU Herald”. Series: Philosophy, philosophy of law, political science, sociology, 2(41), 88–102.] Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.41.168239 [in Ukrainian].
Ukraine Russia Crisis – Terrorism Briefing. Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ukraine-Russia-Crisis-Terrorism-Briefing-1.pdf [in English].
Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy pryiniala postanovu shchodo zasudzhennia aktu yadernoho teroryzmu, yakyi zdiisniuie derzhava-ahresor na ZAES [The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted a resolution condemning the act of nuclear terrorism which the aggressor state commits at the ZNPP] Retrieved from: https://snriu.gov.ua/news/verhovna-rada-ukrayini-prijnyala-postanovu-shchodo-zasudzhennya-aktu-yadernogo-terorizmu-yakij-zdijsnyuye-derzhava-agresor-na-zaes [in Ukrainian].
##submission.downloads##
Опубліковано
Номер
Розділ
Ліцензія
Авторське право (c) 2025 Anna Politova
Ця робота ліцензується відповідно до Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
