Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Udy River Basin

Abstract

According to the Water Framework Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, works aimed at the protection, restoration and rational use of water resources in Ukraine are of particular relevance.

Purpose. To determine and establish patterns, in temporal and spatial changes, of water quality in the Udy river basin.

Methods. Statistical, system analysis

Results. At all observation posts, the highest concentration ratio to MPC in such compounds as: nitrites, oil products, copper, iron, total., manganese, chromium 6, BOD5, sulfates, zinc 2+. The quality of the rivers on the border with the Russian Federation according to WPI corresponds to the “clean” class II. In the middle reaches of the rivers Udy, Lopan, Kharkov and the mouth of the Nemyshlya river, water quality deteriorates to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the river Lopan, class IV "contaminated". Poor water quality in the river basin. Udy near the Khoroshevo village and the village of Eskhar, where the WPI corresponds to the V class “polluted” water. According to the WPI mod water quality at most posts is equal to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the Lopan river and the Nemyshlya river of the WPI mod corresponds to class IV "very polluted". A high value of the WPI mode is observed at  Udy at  Khoroshevo village and with Eskhar - V class "polluted" water. According to the pollution coefficient χ using priorities, the water quality at most posts of the Udy river network corresponds to the “small” class II. On the Udy River near the village of M. Danilovka class III "moderate" pollution. The wellhead section of the Lopan and Udy rivers is characterized as “very polluted”. Poor water quality is observed at the post of Udy River - the Khoroshevo village with "intensive" pollution. Without priorities, the calculation of the χ coefficient showed significantly worse water quality indicators. At most posts, pollution is “moderate”. Well section of the Nemyshlya river ` is characterized as “substantial” pollution. Qualitative condition of water of the river Lopan may be defined as “intensive” pollution. Expected at the posts on the Udy River near the village of Khoroshevo and the village of Eskhar, the water quality is V class “catastrophic”.

Conclusion. Certain water quality, using the three methods of WPI, WPI mod. and the pollution coefficient χ over a long period, indicates a significant environmental load of the city of Kharkov on the river system of the Udy river. Changes in water quality indicators occur without any temporary patterns. According to the pollution coefficient χ, water quality deteriorates along the length of the rivers, except for the case on the river Udy - Khoroshevo village, where pollution is qualified as “catastrophic”. Further along the length of the river is the  Eskhar village, where water quality is improving, due to the self-cleaning of the river.