Heavy smoking and severe dental caries in Indonesian men

Автор(и)

  • Wasis Sumartono Guest lecturer, Institut Kesehatan Indonesia (IKI) Jakarta, Jalan Boulevard Raya, Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. Indonesia. Tei. +62 21 4585 8899. website: www.ikijakarta.ac.id, Індонезія https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9047-735X
  • Hasbullah Thabrany Center for Social Security Studies Universitas Indonesia (CSSUI), Gedung Program Pasca Sarjana, Jl. Salemba 4, Jakarta, Indonesia., Індонезія https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-2547
  • Ratna Meidyawati Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java Indonesia 16424., Індонезія https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-5352

Ключові слова:

heavy smoking, severe dental caries, Indonesian men, Basic Health Research 2007

Анотація

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, the prevalence of dental caries is 85%–99% and 67.4% of males aged 15 years or older are current users of tobacco. The aim of this study was to examine the association between heavy smoking and severe dental caries.


METHODS: The authors used secondary data from Basic Health Research 2007. Respondents were Indonesian males aged 45–54 years (n = 34 534). Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) value was used to define severe dental caries with 31.4% of respondents having DMFT value ≥ 8, the cutoff point of severe dental caries in this study. In addition, the enumerators recorded socio-demographic characteristics (age, socio-economic status, education, and job), tooth brushing and smoking behavior of respondents. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of severe dental caries between heavy smokers (defined as Brinkman Index or BI ≥ 400) and never smokers (BI = 0). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted association between heavy smoking and dental caries severity.

RESULTS: The prevalence of severe dental caries among never smokers, light smokers (BI 1–399) and heavy smokers was 24.9%, 32.5%, and 38.7% respectively (p < 0.005). Compared to never smokers, the adjusted ORs of having severe dental caries among light smokers and heavy smokers were 1.45 (95% CI: 1.37–1.53) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.59–1.81), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a risk factor of severe dental caries in Indonesian men with dose-and-response association revealed between the exposure and the outcome. Indonesian dentists, individually and collectively, have to participate in smoking prevention and control more actively.

 

Біографії авторів

Wasis Sumartono, Guest lecturer, Institut Kesehatan Indonesia (IKI) Jakarta, Jalan Boulevard Raya, Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. Indonesia. Tei. +62 21 4585 8899. website: www.ikijakarta.ac.id

I have retired from NIHRD (National Institute of Health Research and Development) MOH R.I. (Ministry of Health , Rep. of Indonesia). At this moment I am a guest lecturer in Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Persada Husada Indonesia, Jatiwaringin Junction, Jl. Jatiwaringin Raya No. 24 Kav. 47, East Jakarta. Indonesia 13620. This is a small private school of public health and nursing. I am still seeking a better job, if possible as a lecturer. I want to dedicate the rest of my life as a university lecturer.

Hasbullah Thabrany, Center for Social Security Studies Universitas Indonesia (CSSUI), Gedung Program Pasca Sarjana, Jl. Salemba 4, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Prof Hasbullah Thabrany is The Chair of 

Center for Social Security Studies Universitas Indonesia (CSSUI), Gedung Program Pasca Sarjana, Jl. Salemba 4, Jakarta,  Indonesia.

Previously Prof. Hasbullah Thabrany is a senior lecturer in Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok West Java Indonesia 16424. 

Ratna Meidyawati, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java Indonesia 16424.

DR. Ratna Meidyawati is a senior lecturer in

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,  University of   Indonesia,  Depok,   West Java Indonesia 16424. 

Посилання

Agtini, M. (2009, Sept). Pola status kesehatan gigi dan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Indonesia pada Tahun 1990–2007. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 19 (3), 144–53.

Badan Litbang Kesehatan, Kemenkes R.I. (2013). Pokok pokok Hasil Riskesdas Indonesia Tahun 2013. 31. Badan Litbang Kesehatan, Kemenkes R.I. (2013). Pokok pokok Hasil Riskesdas IJakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kemenkes R.I. Pp 11.

Campus, G., Cagetti, M. G., Senna, A., Blasi, G., Mascolo, A., Demarchi, P., et al. (2011, Apr). Does smoking increase risk for caries? A cross-sectional study in an Italian military academy. Caries Res. 45 (1), 40–6.

Chukwumah, N., Azodo, C., Adeghe, H., & Enabulele, J. (2012). Relating dental caries experience with body mass index among Nigerian primary school children: A cross-sectional survey. J Educ Ethics Dent. (2), 28–32.

Constitution of Brunei Darussalam. (2005, Jun 28). Tobacco Order. Retrieved Feb 12, 2015, from http://www.wipo.int: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/bn/bn028en.pdf

Damyanov, N., Witter, D., Bronkhorst, E., & Creugers, N. (2012, Feb 24). Dental Status and Associated Factors in a Dentate Adult Population in Bulgaria: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Dent, 1–11.

De Clerck, D., Leroy, R., Martens, L., Lesaffre, E., Garcia-Zattera, M., Vanden Broucke, S., et al. (2008). Factors associated with prevalence and severity of caries experience in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 36 (2), 168–78.

Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Leading Health Indicators and Objectives - Tobacco Use. Retrieved Mar 3, 2014, from http://www.healthypeople.gov: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/LHI/tobacco.aspx

Ditmyer, M., Dounis, G., Mobley, C., & Schwarz, E. (2010). A case-control study of determinants for high and low dental caries prevalence in Nevada youth. BMC Oral Health. 10 (24).

Djutaharta, T., Thabrany, H., Sung, H. Y., Ong, M. K., & Hu, T. W. (2012, March). Health-care Cost of Tobacco Related Diseases in Indonesia. In H. Thabrany, & P. Sarnantio, Indonesia The Heaven for Cigarette Companies The Hell for the People (pp. 61-86). Depok: Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia.

DSS Research. (2015). Statistical Power Calculator: Percentage, Two Sample. Retrieved Mar 1, 2015, from https://www.dssresearch.com: https://www.dssresearch.com/KnowledgeCenter/toolkitcalculators/statisticalpowercalculators.aspx

Fernandes, M., & Ataide, I. (2010, Oct). Nonsurgical management of periapical lesions. J Conserv Dent. 13 (4), 240–5.

Frankel, G. (1996, Nov 18). Thailand Resists U.S. Brand Assault. Washington Post, p. A01

Gonçalves, J., Paula, J., Ambrosano, G., Mialhe, F., & Pereira, A. (2012 ). Cost Assessment of Epidemiologic Surveys in Dentistry. Int J of Stat in Medical Research. 1, 55–9.

Gordan, V. V., Mc Edward, D. L., Garvan, C. W., Ottenga, M. E., & Harris, P. A. (2011, Mar 14–19). Association between patients' caries experience (DMFT) and demographic variables. (Poster Session in International Association of Dental Research, 89th General Session and Exhibition. San Diego, California)

Gregoire, C. (2010). How are odontegenic infections best managed? J Can Dent Assoc, 76 (2), 114–6.

Gupta, P., Gupta, N., & Singh, H. (2014). Prevalence of Dental Caries in relation to Body Mass Index, Daily Sugar Intake, and Oral Hygiene Status in 12-Year-Old School Children in Mathura City: A Pilot Study. Int J of Pediatr, (2014): 1–5.

Hamabe, A., Uto, H., Imamura, Y., Kusano, K., Mawatari, S., Kumagai, K., et al. (2011). Impact of cigarette smoking on onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease over a 10-year period. J Gastroenterol. 46 (6), 769–78.

Higham, S. (2009). Caries Process and prevention strategies: The Agent. A Multi-factorial Disease. Retrieved Sep 21, 2014, from http://www.dentalcare.com: http://www.dentalcare.com/en-US/dental-education/continuing-education/ce369/ce369.aspx?ModuleName=coursecontent&PartI

Hoskison, E., Daniel, M., Rowson, J. E., & Jones, N. (2012, Jan). Evidence of an increase in the incidence of odontogenic sinusitis over the last decade in the UK. J Laryng & Oto. 126 (1), 43–6.

Hu, L., Sekine, M., Gaina, A., Wang, H., & Kagamimori, S. (2007). Nested case-control study on associations between lung function, smoking and mortality in Japanese population. Environ Health Prev Med. 12 (6), 265–71.

Kelsey, J., Whittemore, A., Evans, A., & Thompson, W. (1996 ). Methods in observasional epidemiology. Chapter 12: Methods of sampling and estimation of sample size. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 311, 327–33.

Lamster, I., & Eaves, K. (2011). A model for dental practice in the 21st century. AJPH. 101 (10), 1825–30.

Leake, J., Jozzy, S., & Uswak, G. (2008, Jul/ Aug). Severe Dental Caries, Impacts and Determinants Among Children 2–6 Years of Age in Inuvik Region, Northwest Territories, Canada. JCDA.74 (6), 519 a–g.

Malmo University. (n.d.). Oral Health Data Base - Significant Caries Index (SiC Index). Retrieved Sept 24, 2014, from http://www.mah.se: http://www.mah.se/CAPP/Methods-and-Indices/for-Caries-prevalence/Significant-Caries-Index/

Ministry of Health, Rep. of Indonesia. (2012). Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Indonesia Report 2011 - Executive Summary. Jakarta: MOH RI in collaboration with BPS Statistics Indonesia, WHO SEARO and CDC Foundation.

Moreira, R. (2012, Feb 29). Chapter. 8. Epidemiology of Dental Caries in the World. in "Oral Health Care - Pediatric, Research, Epidemiology and Clinical Practices", Virdi, M.S. [Editor]. (InTech) Retrieved Mar 20, 2013, from http://cdn.intechopen.com: http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/29340/InTech- Epidemiology_of_dental_ caries_in_the_world.pdf

Moses, J. M., Rangeeth, B. N., & Gurunathan, D. (2011, Feb). Prevalence Of Dental Caries, Socio-Economic Status And Treatment needs of 15 years Old School Going Children Of Chidambaram. J Clin and Diag Res. 5 (1), 146–51.

Padilha, D. M., Hilgert, J. B., Hugo, F. N., Bós, Â. J., & Ferrucci, L. (2008). Number of teeth and mortality risk in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J Geron. 63A (7), 739–44.

Schuknecht, B., Stergiou, G., & Graetz, K. (2008, Sep). Masticator space abscess derived from odontogenic infection: imaging manifestation and pathways of extension depicted by CT and MR in 30 patients. European Radiology. 18 (9), 1972–9.

Soden, R., Botero, T., Hanks, C., & Nör, J. (2009, Sep). Angiogenic Signaling Triggered by Cariogenic Bacteria in Pulp Cells. J Dent Res. 88 (9), 835–40.

Srinivas, K., Sumanth, K., & Chopra, S. (Oct 2009). Ultrasonic evaluation of inflamatory swelling of buccal space. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 20 (4), 458–62.

Tanaka, K., Miyake, Y., Sasaki, S., & Hirota, Y. (2012). Dairy products and calcium intake during pregnancy and dental caries in children. Retrieved Apr 17, 2013, from http://www.nutritionj.com: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/11/1/33

Thabrany, H. (2015, November 30). Presiden dan rokok (President and cigarettes) (in Indonesian language). Retrieved Nov 17, 2016, from http://nasional.kompas.com: http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2015/11/30/18000031/Presiden.dan.Rokok?page=all

Terrades, M. C., Clarke, H., Mullally, B. H., & Stevenson, M. (2009). Patients' knowledge and views about the effects of smoking on their mouths and the involvement of their dentists in smoking cessation activities, British Dent J. 207 (E22). Retrieved Nov 1, 2013, from http://www.nature.com ml: http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v207/n11/full/sj.bdj.2009.1135.html U.S.

U.S. FDA. (2013, Mar 21 (last updated)). Flavored tobacco. Retrieved Feb 15, 2015, from http://www.fda.gov: http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/ProtectingKidsfromTobacco/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm

U.S. FDA. (2014, Sept 9 (last updated)). Overview of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act: Consumer Fact Sheet. Retrieved Feb 15, 2015, from http://www.fda.gov: http://www.fda.gov/tobaccoproducts/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/ucm246129.htm

Wellappuli, N., & Amarasena, N. (2012). Influence of family structure on dental caries experience of preschool children in Sri Lanka. Caries Research. 46 (3), 208–12.

Wiyono, N., & Ahsan, A. (2015). Chapter 4. Pertanian tembakau dan cengkeh (Tobacco and clove farming). In A. Ahsan, & N. Wiyono, Bunga Rampai - Fakta Tembakau dan Permasalahannya (Tobacco and it's problems) (in Indonesian language) (pp. 57–58). Jakarta: Tobacco Control Support Center - Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (Indonesian Public Health Association).

Zinser, V., Irigoyen, M., Rivera, G., Maupomé, G., Pérez, L., & Velázquez, C. (2008, Aug). Cigarette smoking and dental caries among professional truck drivers in Mexico. Caries Res. 42 (4), 255–62.

##submission.downloads##

Опубліковано

2016-12-26

Номер

Розділ

Оригінальні дослідження