Environmental risks of violation of the optimal land’s ratio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2022.261255Keywords:
the agro-landscapes, the ecological condition, the ecological risks, the ecological and stabilizing lands, the degree of violation of ecological balanceAbstract
The ecological condition of agro-landscapes of Kyiv region was assessed according to the ecological balance’s grade in the ratio of arable land (Sp) to the total area of ecological-stabilizing lands (SESU) (natural components of agro-landscape: forests, meadows, pastures, shrubbery, swamps, basins). According to the assessment of environmental risks of violation of the optimal land`s ratio, it was found that the whole territory of Kyiv region is dominated by degraded agricultural landscapes, which requires immediate action to change their component composition and structure. It was clarified that the ecological condition of agricultural landscapes of Kyiv region is critical, which indicates the ecological lack of balance of land (the share of arable land (P) is 48,92%, and the area corresponds to the II agro-landscape ecotype). It was marked that irrational use of land resources, violation of ecological balance in the ratio of arable land area to the total area of ecological and stabilizing lands affects the deterioration of the ecological condition of agricultural landscapes. It is established that the territory of Skvyra research station of organic production of IANM NAAS is represented by the IV agro-landscape ecotype, and the ecological condition of the agro-landscape of the research station is catastrophic. For improving the ecological balance in the ratio of land, it was recommended to expand the protective strips (edges) of fields and increase the area of forested areas; return of ecologically disturbed lands to land use; create objects of the nature reserve fund (NRF). It was emphasized that the optimization of the agroecological condition of agricultural land soils is possible with the rational use of basic agro-technical measures, among which the main ones are soil protection (against erosion) measures; agrochemical melioration (neutralization of acid soils); scientifically substantiated crops rotation; bringing in mineral and organic fertilizers; implementation of biological systems of farming, etc.
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