Analysis of energy efficiency of production of compost from manure of cattle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2022.261258Keywords:
composting, vermicompost, organic fertilizers, biohumus, earthwormsAbstract
Organic fertilizer is a source of necessary for agricultural plants macro-, microelements and carbon dioxide. Due to their gradual mineralization nutrients enter the plants during the whole period of vegetation. In the production, in particular organic fertilizers, the main factor determining profitability is the effective use of energy. The aim of the work was carry out analysis of energy efficiency of production of compost and vermicompost from manure of cattle. Research materials was data of technical information, scientific literature for technologies of composting and vermicomposting manure of cattle, Internet information and the results of own research. Energy efficiency of producing organic fertilizer from animal waste was determined by the method of direct cost of energy. It was determined that at the production of compost and vermicompost from manure of cattle, to a great degree, using energy of diesel fuel (98.3%). A small percentage is occupied by energy of workers (1.7%). It is established, that at the production of compost from manure of cattle consumption of energy, in particular diesel fuel and human accounts for 0.39±0.08 MJ/kg. The most energy-intensive production processes are mixing of compost and watering his water, which is spent 0.17±0.05 MJ/kg. Less energy-intensive: transporting of manure and formation of stacks (0.06±0.01 MJ/kg); filling a container with water and its transporting (0.07±0.01 MJ/kg); covering of stacks, drying and packing of compost (0.11±0.02 MJ/kg). When preparing of 1 kg of substrate from manure of cattle for later vermicultivation consumption of energy (diesel fuel and human) amounted to 0.16±0.04 MJ. During the process of vermicultivation, consumption of energy amounted to 0.41±0.08 MJ/kg. During vermicomposting, more energy is spent on mixing of stacks and watering their water 0.23±0.07 MJ/kg. Less energy-intensive such production processes as: formation of vermi bed and colonization of their vermiculture (0.07±0.01 MJ/kg); separating of worms from vermicompost and drying of biohumus (0.07±0.01MJ/kg); covering of stacks and packing of biohumus (0.05±0.1 MJ/kg). At the production of 1 kg of vermicompost, consumption of energy amounted to 0.57±0.12 MJ, worth 0.87±0.12 UAH. At the production of organic fertilizers through composting, consumption of energy is reduced of an average of 31.6% and its cost by 26.4%.
References
Kuś, J., Krasowicz, S. (2001). Przyrodniczo-organizacyjne uwarunkowania zrównoważonego rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych. Pamiętnik Puławski, 124, 273–288 [in Polish].
Maćkowiak, Cz. (1998). Słoma jako nawóz w gospodarstwie bezinwentarzowym. Wieś Jutra, 5, 46–48 [in Polish].
Zhang, M., Yao, Y., Tian, Y., Ceng, K., Zhao, M., Zhao, M. & Yin, B. (2018). Increasing yield and N use efficiency with organic fertilizer in Chinese intensive rice cropping systems. Field Crops Research, 227, 102–109 [in English].
Gellings, C.W. (Ed.). & Parmenter, K.E. (2016). Energy efficiency in fertilizers production and use. In Efficient Use and Conservation of Energy. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Oxford: UK, UNESCO Publications [in English].
Zhukorskyi, O.M., Kryvokhyzha, Ye.M., & Boltyk, N.P. (2021). Vyznachennia enerhoefektyvnosti otrymannia orhanichnykh dobryv iz vidkhodiv tvarynnytstva shliakhom termichnoho sushinnia [Determination of energy efficiency of receipt of organic fertilizers from farm animal waste by thermal drying]. Balanced environmental management: traditions, perspectives and innovations: Materialy Mizhnarodnoi nauko-praktychnoi konferentsii (20–21 zhovtnia 2021 r.) — Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (pp. 54–56). Kyiv: DIA [in Ukrainian].
Pro enerhetychnu efektyvnist : proekt Zakonu № 4507 vid 15 hrudnia 2020 r. [On energy efficiency: Draft law № 4507 from 15th December, 2020]. (2020). [in Ukrainian].
López-Vázquez, A., Cadena-Zapata, M., Campos-Magaña, S., Zermeño-Gonzalez, A. & Mendez-Dorado, M. (2019). Comparison of Energy Used and Effects on Bulk Density and Yield by Tillage Systems in a Semiarid Condition of Mexico. Agronomy, 9 (4), 189, 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040189 [in English].
Ilyas, H.M.A., Safa, M., Bailey, A., Rauf, S. & Khan, A. (2020). Energy Efficiency Outlook of New Zealand Dairy Farming Systems: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach. Energies, 13 (1), 251, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010251 [in English].
Boltianska, N.I., Manita, I.Y. & Komar, A.S. (2021). Justification of the energy saving mechanism in the agricultural sector. Engineering of nature management, 1 (19), 7–12 [in English].
Wu, S. & Ding, S. (2021). Efficiency improvement, structural change, and energy intensity reduction: Evidence from Chinese agricultural sector. Energy Economics, 99, 105313, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105313 [in English].
Wu, J., Ge, Z., Han, S., Xing, L., Zhu, M., Zhang, J. & Liu, J. (2020). Impacts of agricultural industrial agglomeration on China’s agricultural energy efficiency: A spatial econometrics analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121011, 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121011 [in English].
Moitzi, G., Neugschwandtner, R.W. & Kaul, H.P. (2021). Energy Efficiency of Continuous Rye, Rotational Rye and Barley in Different Fertilization Systems in a Long-Term Field Experiment. Agronomy, 11 (2), 229, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020229 [in English].
Panayotova, G., Kostadinova, S. & Velinov, I. (2020). Energy efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in durum wheat and sorghum grains. Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT, 1, 78–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12955/pns.v1.126 [in English].
Dimitrijević, A., Gavrilović, M., Ivanovic, S.M. et al. (2020). Energy Use and Economic Analysis of Fertilizer Use in Wheat and Sugar Beet Production in Serbia. Energies, 13 (9), 1–12. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2361 [in English].
Kryshtal, O. (2020). Rezultaty vyprobuvan peremishuvacha kompostu VK-3000 pid chas pryskorenoho biotermichnoho kompostuvannia hnoiu [Results of VK-3000 compost mixer tests during accelerated biothermal manure composting]. Tekhniko-tekhnolohichni aspekty rozvytku ta vyprobuvannia novoi tekhniky i tekhnolohii dlia silskoho hospodarstva Ukrainy: zb. nauk. pr. — Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new equipment and technologies for Ukrainian agriculture: collection of scientific articles, 27 (41), 132–141 [in Ukrainian].
Bessonova, Ye.S. (2014). Tekhnologiya prigotovleniya kompostnykh udobreniy [Technology of preparation of compost fertilizers]. Perspektivy razvitiya nauki: sbornik statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoprakticheskoy konferentsii (20 marta 2014 g) — Prospects for the development of science: a collection of articles of the International scientific and practical conference (pp. 27–30). Ufa: RITs BashGU [in Russian].
Kolga, D.F. & Vasko, A.S. (2017). Pererabotka navoza v ekologicheski bezopasnye organicheskie udobreniya: monografia [Processing of manure into environmentally friendly organic fertilizers: monograph]. Minsk: BGATU. [in Russian].
Pavlenko, S.I. (2018). Vyrobnychi vyprobuvannia tekhnolohii mekhanizovanoho kompostuvannia orhanichnykh vidkhodiv z vykorystanniam aeratora-zmishuvacha [Industrial Testing OF Technology Mechanized Composition of Organic Wastes With the Use of Aerator-Mixernull]. Tekhnika v silskohospodarskomu vyrobnytstvi, haluzeve mashynobuduvannia, avtomatyzatsiia: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Kirovohradskoho natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu — Engineering in agricultural production, industry engineering, automation: collection of scientific works of Kirovohrad National Technical University, 31, 28–39 [in Ukrainian].
Palamaniuk, A.O., Dmytrenko, K.O., Levchuk, V.L., Kovalchuk, M. R. & Khomenko,T.P. (2019). Vermykompostuvannia, yak sposib pererobky orhanichnykh vidkhodiv [Vermicomposting as a method of processing organic wastes]. Silske hospodarstvo sohodennia: zbirnyk tez dopovidei Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii naukovo-pedahohichnykh pratsivnykiv, doktorantiv, aspirantiv ta molodykh vchenykh, zbirnyk 1 (25 veresnia 2019 r.) — Today’s agriculture: a collection of abstracts of the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference of scientific and pedagogical workers, doctoral students, graduate students and young scientists, collection 1 (pp. 127–128). Zhytomyr: ZhNAEU [in Ukrainian].
Chanu, L.J., Hazarika, S., Choudhury, B.U. et al. (2018). A Guide to vermicomposting-production process and socio economic aspects. Extension Bulletin (Meghalay: ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region), No 81 [in English].
Senchuk, M.M. (2018). Obgruntuvannia enerhoefektyvnoi tekhnolohii vyrobnytstva biohumusu [Substantiation of energy efficient technology of biohumus manufacturing]. Ahrobiolohiia — Agrobiology, 1, 150–158 [in Ukrainian].
Gavrilchik, N.S., Sokolov, G.A. (2014). Agroekologicheskie i energeticheskie preimushchestva proizvodstva i ispolzovaniya kompleksnykh granulirovannykh udobreniy na osnove torfa [Agroecological and energy advantages of the production and use of complex granular fertilizers based on peat]. Aktualnye nauchno-tekhnicheskie i ekologicheskie problemy sokhraneniya sredy obitaniya : sbornik nauchnykh statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii v 4 ch. (23–25 aprelya 2014 g.) — The actual scientific-technical and ecological problems of habitat conservation: collection of scientific articles of the International scientifically-practical conference in 4 parts (pp. 50–54). Brest: BrGTU [in Russian].
Metodologiya i metodika energeticheskoy otsenki agrotekhnologiy v agrolandshaftakh [Methodology and methodology of energy assessment of agricultural technologies in agricultural landscapes]. (2007). Moskva: Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet; MSKhA im. K.A. Timiryazeva [in Russian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- The authors reserve the right to authorship their work and pass the journal the right to publish this work under a Creative Commons Attribution License license, which allows other persons to freely distribute the published work with the obligatory The authors of the original work and the first publication of this magazine.
- The authors have the right to make independent additional agreements on the nonexclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published by this magazine (for example, to post work in the company's electronic storage or to publish as a monograph) , subject to the first publication of the link to this journal.
- Journal policy allows and encourages the placement of authors on the Internet (for example, in the repositories of institutions or on personal websites) manuscript work as to the presentation of this manuscript to the editorial board and during its editorial processing, as it contributes to The productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citation published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
