RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2023.278539Keywords:
quality of living, environmental pollution, quality of drinking water, plant products, agroecological condition of soils, development of animal husbandry in settlement areas, social, ecological, economic conditionsAbstract
Rural areas occupy a special place in the socio-economic life of Ukraine. They are home to a third of the population of our state and account for a larger share of its area. The importance of these territories is enhanced by their exceptional contribution to the formation of the foundations of food security and the expansion of the country’s export potential. These and other factors make the development of rural areas one of the main priorities of the state policy of Ukraine aimed at raising the living standards of the rural population, increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, improving the state of the environment and improving the quality of human capital. However, more than 30 years of Ukraine’s independence have not brought the expected increase in well-being to ordinary peasants. According to the processed data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, it has been established that rural areas are in a catastrophic state: the ecological condition of natural resources is deteriorating, engineering and social infrastructure, and the system of social services have fallen into disrepair. From year to year there is a decrease in the number of medical institutions and enterprises of household services, communication offices, schools and especially preschool institutions. The construction of social facilities and housing for rural youth has practically stopped. The social infrastructure has been practically destroyed, and those institutions of social and cultural purpose, which are still functioning at least somehow, are in survival conditions. Migration processes and the depopulation of the rural population have increased sharply. The agro-ecological condition of soils, the quality of agricultural products grown in rural settlement areas, and the quality of drinking water are deteriorating. The destruction and decline of rural areas is the result of insufficient attention of state management bodies to their problems. Today, 30% of Ukraine’s population lives in rural areas and there are 28,369 villages, while in 1990, 32.6% of the population lived in rural areas and there were 28,845 villages. For the period 1990–2021, 476 rural settlements have disappeared. The demographic situation in Ukraine has received negative changes, it remains especially acute in rural areas, and during the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the demographic situation has generally become catastrophic.
References
Riabokon, V.P. (2021). Sotsialnyi rozvytok sela v umovakh detsentralizatsii vlady [Rural social development in the conditions of government decentralization]. Ekonomika APK — The economy of agro-industrial complex, 9, 6–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202109006 [in Ukrainian].
Patyka, N.I., Bulavka, O.H. (2021). Stratehichni oriientyry ta priorytetni napriamy staloho rozvytku silskykh hromad i terytorii v Ukraini v umovakh detsentralizatsii vlady [Strategic guidelines and priority directions for sustainable development of rural communities and territories in Ukraine in the context of power decentralization]. Ekonomika APK — The economy of agro-industrial complex, 8, 91–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202108091 [in Ukrainian].
Zamora, O.I. (2018). Suchasnyi stan rozvytku silskykh terytorii v Ukraini [Current state of rural territories development in Ukraine]. Prychornomorski ekonomichni studii — Black sea economic studies, 32, 48–51. URL: http://bses.in.ua/journals/2018/32_2018/11.pdf [in Ukrainian].
fakty pro Ukrainu. Naibilshi u sviti zapasy chornozemu [24 facts about Ukraine. The largest reserves of chernozem in the world]. (2013). URL: https://24tv.ua/24_fakti_pro_ukrayinu_naybilshi_u_sviti_zapasi_chornozemu_n358373 [in Ukrainian].
Hazuda, L.M., Hotko, N.M., Lalakulych, M.Yu. (2015). Rozvytok silskykh terytorii: monohrafiia [Development of rural areas: monograph]. Uzhhorod: Vydavnytstvo FOP Sabov A.M. [in Ukrainian].
Hotko, N.M. (2012). Rol silskykh terytorii v zabezpechenni staloho rozvytku prykordonnoho rehionu [The role of rural areas in ensuring sustainable development of the border region]. AhroInKom — AgroInCom, 1–3, 120–125 [in Ukrainian].
Horban, A.I. (2020). Metodolohichni osnovy stratehichnoho otsiniuvannia systemy upravlinnia rozvytkom silskykh terytorii v umovakh detsentralizatsii v Ukraini [Methodological bases of strategic evaluation of the management system of the development of rural areas in the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine]. Teoriia ta praktyka derzhavnoho upravlinnia — Theory and practice of public administration, issue 1, 169–179 [in Ukrainian].
Korobka, S.V. (2020). Osoblyvosti formuvannia ta rozvytku klasternykh struktur na silskykh terytoriiakh [Features of formation and development of cluster structures in rural areas]. Ekonomichnyi prostir — Economic space, 159, 75–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2224-6282/159-15 [in Ukrainian].
Hadzalo, Ya.M., Luzan, Yu.Ya. (2020). Udoskonalennia derzhavnoho upravlinnia rozvytkom ahrarnoho sektoru ekonomiky ta silskykh terytorii Ukrainy [Improvement of state management for development of the agricultural sector of the economy and rural territories of Ukraine]. Ekonomika APK — The economy of agro-industrial complex, 11, 6–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202011006 [in Ukrainian].
Riabokon, V.P. (2020). Detsentralizatsiia — shliakh do rozvytku silskykh terytorii v Ukraini [Decentralisation is the way to rural development in Ukraine]. Ekonomika APK — The economy of agro-industrial complex, 1, 6–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202001006 [in Ukrainian].
Borodina, O.M., Prokopa, I.V., Kyryziuk, S.V., Yarovyi, V.D. (2020). Fond rozvytku silskykh terytorii yak finansovyi instrument prostorovoi spravedlyvosti v zemlekorystuvanni ta stalomu silskomu rozvytku [Rural areas development fund as a financial instrument for spatial justice in land use and sustainable rural development]. Oblik i finansy — Accounting and Finance, 3, 122–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2020-3(89)-122-130 [in Ukrainian].
Yasnolob, I.O., Kozachenko, Yu.A., Bereznytskyi, Ye.V. (2020). Naukovo-praktychni zasady vyznachennia sutnosti i zmistu poniattia “silski terytorii” [Scientific and practical fundamentals of defining the essence and content of the concept of “rural territories”]. Infrastruktura rynku — Market Infrastructure, issue 45, 52–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct45-9 [in Ukrainian].
Poliakova, O.Iu., Khaustova, V.Ye., Levanda, O.M. (2020). Analiz problem i tendentsii rozvytku silskykh terytorii Ukrainy [Analyzing the problems and tendencies in the development of rural territories in Ukraine]. Biznes Inform — Business Inform, 4, 229–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-4-229-250 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V. (2012). Ekonomichna rozbalansovanist ta sotsialno-ekonomichni problemy silskykh terytorii [Economic imbalance and socio-economic problems of rural areas]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk — Taurida Scientific Herald, 83, 332–336. URL: http://www.tnv-agro.ksauniv.ks.ua/archives/83_2013/64.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Ofitsiinyi vebsait Derzhavnoi sluzhby statystyky Ukrainy [The official website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine]. URL: https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Shestoboieva, O.V. (2010). Ahrarna reforma ta yii vplyv na stan silskykh selitebnykh terytorii [Agrarian reform and its impact on the condition of rural settlement areas]. Ekolohiia — shliakhy harmonizatsii vidnosyn pryrody ta suspilstva: zbirnyk tez II Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (Uman, 18–19 travnia 2010 r.) — Ecology — ways of harmonizing relations between nature and society: Collection of Theses of the II International Scientific Conference (p. 8–10). Uman. URL: https://www.udau.edu.ua/assets/files/zbirniki/conference/konferencziyaekologiya_2010-1.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Tamir, B.A. (2015). Sotsialno-ekolohichni problemy rozvytku silskykh terytorii [Social and ecological problems of rural areas development]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK — Machinery and equipment for Agro-Industrial Complex, 2 (65), 38–41 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V. (2015). Otsinka stanu silskykh selitebnykh terytorii za ahroekolohichnym stanom gruntu [Assessment of the condition of rural residential areas by the agroecological state of the soil]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk — Taurida Scientific Herald, 93, 234–240 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa N.V. (2009). Zabrudnennia pytnoi vody silskykh selitebnykh terytorii ta zakhody z pokrashchennia yii yakosti [Drinking water contamination of rural settlement areas and measures to improve its quality]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Agroecological journal, 3, 43–45 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V. (2015). Otsinka stanu silskykh selitebnykh terytorii za yakistiu roslynnoi produktsii [Assessment of the condition of rural residential areas using the indicators of plant product quality]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk — Taurida Scientific Herald, 92, 127–133 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V. (2009). Yakist silskohospodarskoi produktsii, vyroshchenoi na silskykh selitebnykh terytoriiakh ta zakhody z yii pokrashchennia [The quality of agricultural products grown in rural settlement areas and measures to improve it]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Agroecological journal, Special issue, 238–240 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Tamir, B.A. (2015). Osoblyvosti formuvannia ekolohichnoho stanu na silskykh selitebnykh terytoriiakh zony posylenoho radioekolohichnoho kontroliu [Peculiarities of the formation of the ecological state in the rural settlement territories of the zone of enhanced radioecological control]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk — Taurida Scientific Herald, 91, 175–180 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Kolesnyk, Yu.P. (2009). Ahroekolohichni problemy silskykh selitebnykh terytorii ta shliakhy yikh rozviazannia [Agroecological problems of rural settlement areas and ways to solve them]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal — Agroecological journal, 1, 30–36 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Pron, N.B., Ustymenko, O.V. (2016). Promyslove tvarynnytstvo: ekoholo-ekonomichni naslidky [Industrial animal husbandry: environmental and economic consequences]. Zbalansovane pryrodokorystuvannia — Balanced nature using, 3, 64–67 [in Ukrainian].
Furdychko, O.I., Drebot, O.I., Demianiuk, O.S., Tkach, Ye.D., Bunas, A.A. (2022). Ekolohiia ahrosfery: pidruchnyk [Ecology of the agrosphere: textbook]. Kyiv: DIA. URL: https://www.agroeco.org.ua/wpcontent/uploads/Publications/ecology_agrosphere.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V., Kolesnyk, Yu.P., Skrypnyk, H.L., Razumna, L.Yu., Vesna, V.Ya., Melnychuk, O.P., Dziubenko, O.P., Nikitiuk, Yu.A. (2008). Antropohenne navantazhennia na silski selitebni terytorii ta zakhody shchodo yoho znyzhennia (metodychni rekomendatsii) [Anthropogenic load on rural settlement areas and measures to reduce it (methodological recommendations)]. K.: TOV “DIA” [in Ukrainian].
Natsionalna dopovid pro stan navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha v Ukrainy u 2020 rotsi [National report on the state of the natural environment in Ukraine in 2020]. URL: https://mepr.gov.ua/files/docs/Zvit/2022/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C%202020%20(2).pdf [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N.V. (2015). Vplyv demohrafichnykh protsesiv na dynamiku chyselnosti silskykh naselenykh punktiv [The impact of demographic processes on the rural settlements number dynamics]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK — Machinery and equipment for Agro-Industrial Complex, 9 (72), 39–41 [in Ukrainian].
Palapa, N. (2015). Mihratsiini protsesy v Ukraini ta yikh naslidky [The migration processes in Ukraine and their consequences]. Tekhnika i tekhnolohii APK — Machinery and equipment for Agro-Industrial Complex, 8 (71), 23–26 [in Ukrainian].
Yak pislia viiny mozhna pokrashchyty demohrafichnu sytuatsiiu v Ukraini? [How can the demographic situation in Ukraine be improved after the war?]. (2023). URL: https://suspilne.media/363098-ak-pislavijni-mozna-pokrasiti-demograficnu-situaciu-v-ukraini-rozpovidae-zastupnik-ministra-socpolitiki/ [in Ukrainian].
Yak cherez viinu skorotylos naselennia Ukrainy ta shcho z tsym robyty: rozpovidaie ekspert [How the population of Ukraine decreased due to the war and what to do about it: the expert tells]. (2023). URL: https://suspilne.media/354672-ak-cerez-vijnu-skorotilos-naselenna-ukraini-ta-so-z-cim-robiti-rozpovidaeekspert/ [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- The authors reserve the right to authorship their work and pass the journal the right to publish this work under a Creative Commons Attribution License license, which allows other persons to freely distribute the published work with the obligatory The authors of the original work and the first publication of this magazine.
- The authors have the right to make independent additional agreements on the nonexclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published by this magazine (for example, to post work in the company's electronic storage or to publish as a monograph) , subject to the first publication of the link to this journal.
- Journal policy allows and encourages the placement of authors on the Internet (for example, in the repositories of institutions or on personal websites) manuscript work as to the presentation of this manuscript to the editorial board and during its editorial processing, as it contributes to The productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citation published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
