THE ROLE OF SNAKE VENOM IN THE BIOTIC INTERACTION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2023.292721

Keywords:

predator, prey, ecological significance, venom, homeostasis, stress factor

Abstract

It is highlighted the ecological significance of biotic interactions. Biotic relationships can be intra- or interspecific, positive or negative and cover a wide range of interactions, including predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition and parasitism. It is indicated that snake venoms, which are the best studied, attract the greatest attention of researchers. The role of predators in the formation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems is analyzed. It has been established that the predator–prey ecological interaction causes mutual physiological, morphological and behavioral adaptations at the individual, intra- and inter-species levels. It is noted that toxins are important adaptation that arose due to evolution. Representatives of venomous animals are present in every ecosystem, more than 250,000 species of animals use their venom for predation, as well as for defense and survival. Іnformation about the types of poisonous and venomous animals is summarized in the article. The composition of animal venoms and the pathological consequences of their influence are presented. It is noted that the lost of habitats, climate change and biological invasions pose a threat to ecological processes that are associated with the interaction between species. The importance of snakes for ecosystems, their significance for trophic network and regulating pests is highlighted. It was found that from an ecological point of view, snake venom is an important functional trait that mediates biotic interaction between several organisms. Аt the same time it is a stressful biotic factor for other living beings

References

Gómez, J.M., Iriondo, J.M. & Torres, P. (2023). Modeling the continua in the outcomes of biotic interactions. Ecology, 104 (4), 3995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3995 [in English].

Fraser, D., Soul, L.C., Tóth, A.B. et al. (2021). Investigating Biotic Interactions in Deep Time. Trends Ecol Evol., 36 (1), 61–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.09.001[in English].

Herzig, V., Cristofori-Armstrong, B., Israel, M. R. et al. (2020). Animal toxins — Nature’s evolutionaryrefined toolkit for basic research and drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol., 181, 114096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114096 [in English].

Mudrak, O.V., Maievskyi, O.Y., Parfenyuk, A.I. et. al. (2023). Ekoloho-biolohichne znachennya diyi otruty hadyuk na homeostaz ssavtsiv [Ecological and biological significance of the action of viper venom on the homeostasis of mammals]. Ahroekolohichnyy zhurnal — Agroecological journal, 1, 76–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276730 [in Ukrainian].

Mudrak, O.V., Maievskyi, O.Ie., Slieptsova, I.V. (2023). Otruta hadiuk Vipera b. berus ta Vipera b. nikolskii yak stresornyi biotychnyi chynnyk [Vipera b. berus and Vipera b. nikolskii venom as a stressful biotic factor]. Prodovolcha ta ekolohichna bezpeka Ukrainy: problemy ta shliakhy yikh podolannia:materialy naukovo–praktychnoi konferentsii [Food and environmental security of Ukraine: problems and ways to overcome them: materials of the Scientific and Practical Conference] (pp.) 80–82. Kyiv: DIA [in Ukrainian]

Belgrad, B.A & Griffen B.D. (2016) Predator-prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode. Proc Biol Sci., 283 (1828), 20160408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0408 [in English].

Radovics, D., Szabolcs, M., Lengyel, S. et al. (2023). Hide or die when the winds bring wings: predator avoidance by activity shift in a mountain snake. Front Zool., 20 (17), 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-023-00497-w

de Oliveira, A.N., Soares, A.M. & Da Silva, S.L. (2023). Why to Study Peptides from Venomous and Poisonous Animals? Int J Pept Res Ther., 29, 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-023-10543-0 [in English].

Holding, M. L., Trevine, V. C., Zinenko, O. et al. (2022). Evolutionary allometry and ecological correlates of fang length evolution in vipers. Proc. R. Soc., 289 (1982), 20221132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1132[in English].

Avella, I., Calvete, J. J., Sanz, L. et al. (2022). Interpopulational variation and ontogenetic shift in the venom composition of Lataste’s viper (Vipera latastei, Boscá 1878) from northern Portugal. J Proteomics, 263, 104613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104613 [in English].

Matkivska, R., Samborska, I., & Maievskyi, O. (2024). Effect of animal venom toxins on the main links of the homeostasis of mammals (Review). Biomedical Reports, 20, 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1704 [in English].

Ferraz, C. R., Arrahman, A., Xie, C. et al. (2019). Multifunctional Toxins in Snake Venoms and Therapeutic Implications: From Pain to Hemorrhage and Necrosis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution., 7, 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00218[in English].

Luna, P., Corro, E.J, Antoniazzi R. & Dáttilo W. (2020) Measuring and Linking the Missing Part of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: The Diversity of Biotic Interactions. Diversity, 12 (3), 86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030086 [in English].

Schmitz, O.(2017). Predator and prey functional traits: understanding the adaptive machinery driving predator-prey interactions. F1000Res., 27 (6), 1767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11813.1. [in English].

Manjur Shah, M., Sharif, U., Rufai Buhari, T., & Sabiu Imam, T. (Eds.). (2022). Snake Venom and Ecology. IntechOpen. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95194 [in English].

Casewell, N.R., Jackson, T.N.W., Laustsen, A.H. & Sunagar, K. (2020). Causes and Consequences of Snake Venom Variation. Trends Pharmacol Sci., 41 (8), 570–581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.05.006.(4) [in English].

Downloads

Published

2023-10-25

Issue

No. 4 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

  1. The authors reserve the right to authorship their work and pass the journal the right to publish this work under a Creative Commons Attribution License license, which allows other persons to freely distribute the published work with the obligatory The authors of the original work and the first publication of this magazine.
  2. The authors have the right to make independent additional agreements on the nonexclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published by this magazine (for example, to post work in the company's electronic storage or to publish as a monograph) , subject to the first publication of the link to this journal.
  3. Journal policy allows and encourages the placement of authors on the Internet (for example, in the repositories of institutions or on personal websites) manuscript work as to the presentation of this manuscript to the editorial board and during its editorial processing, as it contributes to The productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citation published work (see The Effect of Open Access).