Scientific basis of optimization of land use and protection in the conditions of water and wind erosion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2024.302613Keywords:
combined action, land protection, forest, field protection plantations, agricultural machineryAbstract
The article highlights the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological principles of optimizing the use and protection of land under the conditions of water and wind erosion. Methodical approaches to the creation of an information base for the regional allocation of lands of inferior quality, which may be attractive for investment for non-agricultural use, have been formed. It is substantiated that one of the main factors of destabilization of the ecological situation in agricultural land use is excessive agricultural development and plowing of the territory, primarily in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. These processes had neither an economic nor an ecological justification for the balanced structure of land plots both in Ukraine as a whole and in regional formations. Degradation processes, which are not localized and become a threatening phenomenon, are gaining further development. The effect of water and wind erosion, which have a clearly expressed regional character, is especially intensified. For the Steppe zone, various methods of maximum projective coverage of artificial agrocenoses (July–August) and the peak of rain activity (May–June) are a significant factor that leads to a decrease in the development of both water and wind erosion. In such conditions, the soil cover is most susceptible to the negative effects of erosion processes, which significantly increases land degradation and reduces the productive capacity of land resources. This determines the need for a systematic approach to the development of a set of anti-erosion measures and to implement them with the use of both economic incentives and appropriate penalties. The article pays considerable attention to increasing the productivity of agriculture based on the application of highly effective measures to protect and preserve ecological balance in the environment in the following directions. In particular, the transition to the contour-ameliorative organization of the territory, which provides for the differentiation of the use of arable land according to the relevant technological parameters (inclination in degrees of slopes) and ecological data (surface runoff in t/ha), makes it possible not only to preserve soils from degradation, but also to increase the productivity of fields (3.0 thousand hectares) by 10–15%. provide extended reproduction of soil fertility. The introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies of anti-erosion tillage, which ensure extended reproduction of soil fertility. Great importance in the fight against water erosion is given to various hydrotechnical structures (quick streams, embankments, embankments-terraces, embankmentschannels) and field protection forest strips (longitudinal and transverse).
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