SOYBEAN CULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN MODERN GLOBAL AND NATIONAL АGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2024.309929Keywords:
leguminous and oil crops, sown area, yield, gross harvestAbstract
The research objective is to analyze the dynamics of soybean cultivation areas, its yield, and the gross harvest of seeds globally and in Ukraine over an extended period, and to establish Ukraines position in the global production of the crop under the conditions of military aggression by the Russian Federation. Methods. The research employed comparative methods, synthesis, and the analysis of digital data. Results. The analysis of statistical data and contemporary scientific publications enabled the examination of the dynamics of soybean cultivation areas and its yield both globally and in Ukraine, as well as establishing Ukraines position in the global production of the crop seeds. The regions in Ukraine with the maximum cultivated area of soybeans, yield, and gross harvest of its seeds were identified. Conclusions. In 2023, the global leaders in soybean production were Brazil, the United States, and Argentina, which collectively produced 318.344 million tons, accounting for 81% of total global production. Ukraine held the ninth position in the global ranking with a 1% share of total soy production, amounting to 5.2 million tons. In Ukraine, the largest soybean cultivation areas in 2023 were in Poltava (214.3 thousand hectares), Khmelnytskyi (210.6 thousand hectares), Zhytomyr (147.4 thousand hectares), Vinnytsia (139.9 thousand hectares), and Kyiv (138.7 thousand hectares) regions, together accounting for 46.4% of the soy cultivation areas in the country. The highest soybean yields in 2023 were recorded in the Ivano-Frankivsk region at 3.37 tons/ha, Lviv at 3.17 tons/ha, Ternopil at 3.01 tons/ha, and Zakarpattia at 2.93 tons/ha, with the national average being 2.59 tons/ha.
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