Research of the ecological structure of woody vegetation and determination of the coefficient of phytomeliorative efficiency of the Mezhyrichanska mine spoil heap in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2025.324368Keywords:
anthropogenic landscapes, phytomelioration, reclamation, mining enterprises, environmental safety, ecology, environmentAbstract
The waste heaps of the Mezhyrichanska mine in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin have been the subject of numerous environmental, geochemical and botanical studies. Studying their impact allows us to assess environmental risks and develop measures to minimise negative consequences. An important part of the study of the spoil heap’s woody and herbaceous vegetation was the study of their ecological structure in terms of the richness of habitats, their humidity and light conditions. At the time of the research, a natural phytomelioration process was observed on the spoil heap of the Mezhyrichanska mine. The process of natural revegetation of this territory is heterogeneous: in some areas, there is a significant and diverse tree and herbaceous cover, while in others it is practically absent. The intensity of this process is significantly influenced by the underlying surface formed of rock, which is heavily compacted in many areas of the spoil tip. This results in a reduced rate of moisture penetration and aeration processes. In addition, compaction increases the strength of the soil (i.e. its ability to resist movement under the action of applied force), which forces the root systems of the vegetation cover to exert more effort to penetrate the compacted layer. In many of the experimental plots, category IV (highly compacted soil) and category V (extremely compacted soil) were recorded. It was found that the flora of the spoil heaps is represented by 28 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 25 genera and 15 families. These species are able to survive in difficult conditions, in particular on dry, acidic and low-nutrient substrates. The spoil heaps vegetation is characterised by the presence of pioneer species that quickly colonise degraded areas. Some plants have demonstrated the ability to accumulate heavy metals, which opens up prospects for phytoremediation — the use of plants to clean up contaminated land. The results obtained are of practical importance for the reclamation of man-made landscapes.
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