Features of the velocity structure of the mantle under the Precambrian structures on the example of the Indian platform (according to seismic tomography)

Authors

  • L.N. Zaiets Subbotin Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
  • I.V. Bugaienko Subbotin Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
  • T.A. Tsvetkova Subbotin Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v43i1.2021.225550

Abstract

The paper presents additional data, approaching to understanding the driving forces in the formation of geological structures and the development of the Indian platform. The results of seismic tomography are attracted here and their analysis is presented. A 3-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle of the Indian platform was obtained according to the Taylor approximation method developed by V. Geyko. The undeniable advantages of the method are independence from the initial approximation (reference model) and the best approximation of nonlinearity. According to the data, the mantle under the Indian platform is influenced by both plumes and fluid systems. The influence of plumes is observed in the form of low-velocity subvertical exits from the lower mantle to the transition zone; fluids — in the form of interbedding of high and low velocity anomalies from the lower mantle (or from the transition zone of the upper mantle) to the upper mantle. An analysis is presented of both general velocity structure of the platform mantle and the velocity structure of the mantle under individual cratons (Bandelkand, Singhbum, Bastar and Darvar), the totality of which forms the Indian platform and the trap provinces. At lower velocity, an area is distinguished in the mantle that corresponds to the surface of the Narmada-Son lineament moving into the Central Indian Tectonic Zone. The mantle high-velocity structures under the Deccan trap province, together with their spreading area in the transitional zone of the mantle, subdivide the platform into two parts at depths of 375 km. Areas in the mantle with inclined layers were identified and analyzed: under the cratons Bandelkand and Singbum, the Rajmahal traps and the northern border of the Deccan traps. According to the model, an area bordering the Himalayas is well distinguished in the mantle. It is shown how, when the Indian platform collides with the Eurasian margin, the upper mantle stratifies into plates capable of independent motions, including subduction.

References

Geyko, V.S. (1997). Taylor approximation of the wave equation and the eikonal equation in inverse seismic problems. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 19(3), 48—68 (in Russian).

Letnikov, F.A. (2001). Super-deep fluid systems of the Earth and problems of ore formation. Geologiya rudnych mestorozhdeniy, 43(4), 291—307 (in Russian).

Pushcharovskiy, Yu.M., & Pushcharovskiy, D.Yu. (2010). Geology of the Earth’s mantle. Moscow: Geos, 138 p. (in Russian).

Suschevskaya, N.M., Belyatskiy, B.V., Leichenkov, G.L. & Layba, A.A. (2009). Evolution of the Karu-Mod deep plume in the Antarctic and its effect on magmatism of the early stages of the Indian revelation. Geokhimiya, (1), 3—20 (in Russian).

Khain, V.E. & Limonov, A.F. (2004). Regional geotectonics (tectonics of continents and oceans): a training manual. Tver: Gers, 270 p. (in Russian).

Biswas, S.K. (1987). Regional Tectonic Framework, Structure and Evolution of the Western Marginal Basins of India. Tectonophysics, 135, 302—327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90115-6.

Geyko, V.S. A general theory of the seismic travel-time tomography. Геофиз. журн. 2004. Т. 26. № 1. С. 3—32.

Huang, J., & Zhao, D. (2006). High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B09305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004066.

Kent, R.W., Pringle, M.S., Müller, D., Saunders, A., & Ghose, N.C. (2002). 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Rajmahal Basalts, India, and their Relationship to the Kerguelen Plateau. Journal of Petrology, 43(7), 1141—1153. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/43.7.1141.

Li, C., van der Hilst, R., Meltzer, A.S., Engdahl, E.R. (2008). Subduction of the Indian lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Burma. Earth and Planeary Science Letters, 274, 157168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.016.

Meert, J.G., Pandit, M.K., Pradhan, V.R., Banks, J., Sirianni, R., Stroud, M., Newstead, B., & Gifford, J. (2010). Show morePrecambrian crustal evolution of Peninsular India: A 3.0 billion year odyssey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 39(6), 483—515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.026Morgan, W.J. (1983). Hotspot tracks and the early rifting of the Atlantic. Tectonophysics, 94(1-4), 123—139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90013-6.

Pandey, O.P. & Agrawal, P.K. (1999). Lithospheric Mantle Deformation beneath the Indian Cratons. The Journal of Geology, 107(6), 683—692. https://doi.org/10.1086/314373.

Polet, J. & Anderson, D.L. (1995). Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies. Geology, 23(3), 205—208. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0205:DEOCAI>2.3.CO;2

Radhakrishna, B.P. (1989). Suspect tectono-stratigraphic terrane elements in the Indian subcontinent. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 34(1), 1—24.

Rao, V.V. & Reddy, P.R. (2002). A Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: evidence from the Indian shield. Gondwana Research, 5, 63—74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70889-3.

Sheth, H.C. (2005). From Deccan to Réunion: No trace of a mantle plume. In G.R. Foulger, J.H. Natland, D.C. Presnall, D.L. Anderson (Eds.), Plates, plumes, and paradigms (pp. 477—501). Geological Society of America Special Paper 388.

Zhao, J., Yuan, X., Liu, H., Kumar, P., Pei, S., Kind, R., Zhang, Z., Teng, J., Ding, L., Gao, X., Xu, Q., & Wang, W. (2010). The boundary between the Indian and Asian tectonic plates below Tibet. PNAS, 107(25), 11229—11233. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001921107.

Zhang, H., Zhao, D., Zhao, J., & Xu, Q. (2012). Convergence of the Indian and Eurasian pla¬tes under eastern Tibet revealed by seismic tomography. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13(6), Q06W14. https://doi.org/10.102/ 20912GC004031.

Published

2021-03-13

How to Cite

Zaiets, L. ., Bugaienko, I. ., & Tsvetkova, T. . (2021). Features of the velocity structure of the mantle under the Precambrian structures on the example of the Indian platform (according to seismic tomography). Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 43(1), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v43i1.2021.225550

Issue

Section

Articles