Deep degasion and oil-and-gas containment of the Eastern (Ukrainian) Carpathians: geodynamic and geothermal aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i6.251551Keywords:
Carpathians, hydrocarbons, degassing, heat flow, geodynamic conditions, faultsAbstract
The article presents the results of comprehensive analysis of geodynamic conditions, geothermal regime, distribution of oil-and-gas deposits, as well as degassing of Earth’s crust in the Ukrainian sector of the Eastern Carpathians, being a part of the Carpathian petroliferous province. Within the boundaries of the Ukrainian sector of the Carpathians, three main tectonic units are distinguished: the Pre-Carpathian Foredeep, the Folded Carpathians, and the Transcarpathian Trough. Each of them consists of several zones or tectonic covers. Oil-and-gas deposits are mainly concentrated within the Pre-Carpathian Foredeep. Gas deposits prevail in its outer zone, while the oil deposits in inner one. Seve-ral small methane deposits were discovered in the Transcarpathian Trough, and only one deposit in the Folded Carpathians.Earth’s crust within the whole Carpathian region is characterized by high level of gas saturation. Here methane and carbon dioxide prevail. According to chemical composition of gas and isotopic signature of carbon in carbonaceous gases, two areas can be distinguished within the region: north-east, where methane dominates, and south-west, where carbon dioxide prevails. These areas are divided by the Central Carpathian tectonic zone. They adhere to geothermal zoning. The former is characterized by low geothermal activity (heat flow density is 35—60 mW/m2), and the latter — by high level activity (heat flow density exceeds 70 mW/m2).
Hydrocarbon deposits are formed in three stages, concurring with three stages of tectonic evolution of the Carpathians. The first stage is distinguished by accumulation of primary components (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) and thermal activity increase. It concurs with a stage of lithosphere destruction and extension, ocean basin generation, sedimentation, asthenosphere uplift, as well as formation of deep fluid-and-gas flows. At the second stage, hydrocarbon generation commences. It corresponds to the stage of lithosphere collapse, activation of subduction and collision processes, depression and heating of sedimentary strata, enriched in organic substances and water. At the third stage, the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation proceed. Time interval for deposit formation is coincident with the last stage of the Carpathians evolution during Badenian and Sarmatian time, as well as with formation of overthrusts, deep depressions, and thick masses of Miocene argillaceous deposits.
References
Ivanyuta, M.M. (Ed.). (1998). Atlas of oil-and-gas fields of Ukraine. Western oil-and-gas-bearing Region. Lviv: Tsentr Evropy, Vol. IV and V, 710 p. (in Ukrainian).
Glushko, V.V. (1994). Western and Eastern Carpathians. In A.V. Chekunov (Ed.), Lithosphere of Central and Eastern Europe belt. Young platforms and Alpine Folded (pp. 24—94). Kiev: Naukova Dumka (in Russian).
Glushko, V.V. (1968). Tectonics and oil-and-gas-bearing of the Carpathians and adjoining throughs. Moscow: Nedra, 264 p. (in Russian).
Hnylko, O.M. (2011). Tectonic zoning of the Carpathians in terms of the terrene tectonics. Geodynamika, (1), 47—56 (in Ukrainian).
Valyaev, B.M. (2008). Problems oil and gas deposits: theoretical aspects and practice important. In Genesis carbon fluids and deposits (pp. 14—22). Moscow: GEOS (in Russian).
Dmitrievskiy, A.N. (2003). Oil-and-Gas poligenes. In Oil-and-Gas genesis (pp. 104—105). Moscow: GEOS (in Russian).
Zayats, Kh. B. (2013). Deep structure of the Western region of Ukraine based on seismic investigation and directions of exploration works on oil-and-gas. Lviv: Tsentr Evropy, 80 p. (in Ukrainian).
Kolodiy, V.V. (Ed.). (2004). Carpathian petroliferous province. Lviv—Kyiv: Ukrainian Publishing Center, 388 p. (in Ukrainian).
Kropotkin, P.N. (1985). Earth degassing and hydrocarbon genesis. Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdeleniye geologii, 60(6), 3—18 (in Russian).
Krupskyy, Yu.Z. (2001). Geodynamic conditions of forming and gas-bearing of the Carpathian and Volyn’-Podolian regions Ukraine. Kyiv: Publication of UkrDGRI, 144 p. (in Ukrainian).
Kutas, R.I. (2020). Geotectonic and geothermal conditions of the gas discharge zones in the Black Sea. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 42(5), 16—52. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.42i5.2020.215070 (in Russian).
Kutas, R.I. (2016). Geothermal Conditions and Mesozoic-Cainozoic Evolution of the Carpatho-Pannonian Region. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 38(5), 75—107. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v38i5.2016.107823 (in Russian).
Kutas, R.I. (1978). Field of heat flow and thermal model of the crust. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 140 p. (in Russian).
Kutas, R.I. (2014). Thermal flow and geothermic models of the Earth’s crust of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 36(6), 3—27. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v36i6.2014.111016 (in Russian).
Kutas, R.I., Krasovskiy, S.S., Orlyuk, M.I., & Paschkevich, I.K. (1996). Lithosphere model deep structure and tectonic evolution of the Western Ukrainian. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 18(6), 18—30 (in Russian).
Chekunov, A.V. (Ed.). (1994). Lithosphere of Central and Eastern Europe. Young platforms and Alpine Folded. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 332 p. (in Russian).
Lyashkevich, Z.M., Medvedev, A.P., Krupskiy, Yu.Z., Varichev, A.S., Timoschuk, V.R., Stupka, O.O. (1995). Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the Carpathians. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 131 p. (in Russian).
Ocadchiy, V.G., Lurie, В.I., & Erofeev, V.F. (1976). Geothermal criterion of petroliferous of the Earth. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 141 p. (in Russian).
Pavlyuk, M.I., & Medvedev, A.P. (2004). Pankardi: problems of evolution. Lviv: Liga-Press, 94p. (in Ukrainian).
Pavlyuk, M., Shlapinskyy, V., Savchak O., Ternavsky M. (2019). Prospects of the potential for oil-and-gas presence in the North-Western part of Inner flysh covers of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Heolohiya i heokhimiya horyuchykh kopalyn, (2), 5— 27 (in Ukrainian).
Tretyak, K.R., Maksymchuk, V.Yu., & Kutas, R.I. (Eds.). (2015). Recent Geodynamics and geophysical fields of Carpathians and adjusting territories. Lviv: Publ. House of Lviv Polytechnic, 420 p. (in Ukrainian).
Glushko, V.V., & Kruglov, S.S. (Eds.). (1986). Tectonic map of the Ukrainian Carpathians 1 : 200 000. Kiev: Publ. of the Ministry of Geology of the Ukrainian SSR (in Russian).
Hurskyy, D.S., & Kruglov, S.S. (Eds.). (2007). Tectonic map of the Ukraine 1 :1 000 000. Kyiv: Publ. of UkrDGRI (in Ukrainian).
Khain, V.E. (2001). Tectonics of continents and oceans. Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 605 p. (in Russian).
Shlapinskyy, V.S. (2015). Complex value of prospect of the potential fur oil and gas presence in the advanced part of the Folded Carpathi-ans. In Geology and geochemistry of combus tible minerals. International scientific conf. Kyiv, September 2—4, 2015 (pp. 248—251) (in Ukrainian).
Majcin, D., Kutas, R., Bilčik, D., Bezak, V., & Korchagin, I. (2016). Thermal conditions for geo-thermal energy exploitation in the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units. Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy, 46(1), 33—49. https://doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2016- 0003.
Rusakov, O.M., & Kutas, R.I. (2018). Mantle origin of methane in the Black Sea. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 40(5), 191—207. doi: 10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v40i5.2018.147482.
Starostenko, V., Janik, T., Kolomiyets, K., Czuba, W., Środa, P., Grad, M., Kovаč, I., Stephenson, R., Lysynchuk, D., Thybo, H., Artemieva, I., Omelchenko, V., Gintov, O., Kutas, R., Gryn, D., Guterch, A., Hegedűs, E., Komminaho, K., Legostaeva, O., Tiira, T., & Tolkunov, A. (2013). Seismic velocity model of the crust and upper mantle along profile PANCAKE across the Carpathians between the Pannonian Basin and the East European Craton. Tectonophysics, 608, 1049—1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.07.008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
