Тектонофізика і структурна геологія  (стосовно вивчення раннього докембрію України)

Oleg Gintov

doi:10.24028/gj.v47i4.331592

Автор(и)

Oleg Gintov Інститут геофізики ім. С.І. Субботіна НАН України,Київ, Україна

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v47i4.331592

Ключові слова:

Український щит, тектонофізика, структурна геологія, дислокаційна тектоніка, стресметаморфізм

Анотація

Розглянуто проблеми вивчення і картування ранньодокембрійського кристалічного фундаменту Українського щита з позиції нових досягнень тектонофізичних і структурно-геологічних досліджень, які виконуються в Інституті геофізики ім. С.І. Субботіна НАН України (перші) і Київському національному університеті імені Тараса Шевченка (другі). Позиції обох підходів до проблеми збігаються, тому їх потрібно об’єднувати, скоригувавши деякі розбіжності в термінології.

Показано, що при побудові геологічних карт і карт корисних копалин кристалічного фундаменту Українського щита масштабів 1:200 000 і 1:50 000 не враховувались, як основні, субгоризонтально зсувні та стресметаморфічні процеси, зсувна складчастість, насуви і підсуви; не приділялася відповідна увага зонам розломів як зонам зсуву (shear zone), котрі мають ширину 10 км і більше, складну внутрішню структуру та особливе породне заповнення. Не враховувалося, що більша частина кристалічного фундаменту Українського щита повністю перебудована у ранньому протерозої і структура, яку ми бачимо тепер, є новою, накладеною. Переважно ми маємо справу з ранньопротерозойською складчастістю субгоризонтального тиску і зсуву, яка змінює і стирає попередні структури. Архейські породи в межах значної частини щита залишилися тільки у вигляді декількох невеликих масивів, смужок, лінз, шлірових включень та у накладених ранньопротерозойських структурах зазвичай переорієнтованих згідно з напрямком останніх. Стратиграфічні колонки ранньодокембрійських комплексів на виданих картах не позбулися впливу стратигенно-метаморфогенного підходу, за яким первинні архей-ранньопротерозойські осадово-вулканогенні породи, що складали горизонтальні шари, були зім’яті в синкліналі та антикліналі з субгоризонтальними шарнірами, і їх відносний вік можливо встановити, вивчаючи такі складки і використовуючи ізотопно-геохронологічні дослідження як допоміжні або другорядні. Насправді, як встановлено сучасними тектонофізичними і структурно-геологічними дослідженнями, про які йдеться, архейский структурний план більшості районів Українського щита був декілька разів перебудований, починаючи з неоархею, і вертикальні зрізи кори, що спостерігаються у відслоненнях, являють собою монокліналі з субвертикальношаруватою будовою. Ранньопротерозойська зсувна складчатість, яка формувалася в таких умовах, була субвертикальношарнірною. Наведено модель і приклади подібних складок.

Все це веде до висновку, що видані геологічні карти і карти корисних копалин кристалічного фундаменту Українського щита масштабу 1:200 000 потрібно перескладати, залишивши склад порід, їх структурно-текстурні особливості, характер метаморфічних і геохімічних процесів, зруденіння, елементи залягання — все те, що можна було встановити у відслоненнях і свердловинах. Принцип перебудови карт повинен бути не стратиграфічним, а хронологічним. Легенди до карт кристалічного фундаменту Українського щита повинні бути схожими з легендами до карт інших докембрійських кратонів. Це було ухвалено ще рішенням ранньодокембрійської секції Національного стратиграфічного комітету України і затверджено на бюро 13 червня 2003 р., але не виконувалось.

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