Physiological adaptations and functional changes in young soccer players' organisms aged 11-14 years following a 12-week specialized training program: a sports medicine perspective

I. Grygus; M. Grynova; T. Gamma; P. Hodlevskyi; W. Zukow

doi:10.26641/2307-0404.2025.2.333676

Authors

I. Grygus National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Soborna str, 11, Rivne, 33028, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-8514
M. Grynova Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Ostrohradskyi str, 2, Poltava, 36003, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-9023
T. Gamma National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Soborna str, 11, Rivne, 33028, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-3375
P. Hodlevskyi National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Soborna str, 11, Rivne, 33028, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-4546
W. Zukow Nicolaus Copernicus University,Gagarina str,11,Torun,87-100, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-6117

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2025.2.333676

Keywords:

youth sports medicine, physiological adaptation, growth and development, cardiovascular response, musculoskeletal development, neuromuscular adaptation, training safety

Abstract

This study investigated the physiological adaptations and functional consequences of a 12-week specialized training program in youth soccer players, focusing on musculoskeletal development, cardiorespiratory responses, and neuromuscular adaptations during the critical growth period of 11-14 years. Sixty male youth soccer players (mean age: 12.5±1.2 years; height: 156.3±8.7 cm; weight: 45.8±7.2 kg) underwent comprehensive medical screening before randomization to experimental (n=30) or control (n=30) groups. Initial screening included growth plate assessment and cardiovascular fitness testing. The intervention included continuous monitoring of physiological parameters including heart rate variability, oxygen consumption, blood lactate levels, and musculoskeletal development markers. Weekly medical monitoring assessed recovery markers and growth indicators to ensure safe adaptation to training loads. The experimental group showed significant physiological adaptations (p<0.001): resting heart rate decreased by 8.4% (95% CI: 6.2-10.6%), peak oxygen consumption increased by 12.3% (95% CI: 9.8-14.8%), bone density improved by 6.2%, muscle mass increased by 8.5%, neuromuscular coordination improved by 24.3% (95% CI: 20.1-28.5%), and recovery time between high-intensity efforts improved by 42%. Growth plate safety markers remained within normal ranges throughout the intervention. The 12-week program produced significant positive physiological adaptations in youth athletes without compromising growth patterns. The study establishes evidence-based guidelines for safe training prescription during crucial developmental periods, emphasizing the importance of medical monitoring in youth sports. These findings contribute to sports medicine protocols for youth athlete development, demonstrating that properly structured training can enhance physiological development while maintaining growth safety parameters.

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