Hygienic characteristic of the electromagnetic situation created by the electromagnetic radiation of the antennas of mobile base stations in Cherkasy region before and after the introduction of 4G technology

S.S.  Halak; V.Yu. Dumansky; N.G. Nikitina; S.V. Bitkin; A.P.  Bezverkha

doi:10.26641/2307-0404.2021.4.248215

Авторы

S.S. Halak State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine» Popudrenko str., 50, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-7198
V.Yu. Dumansky State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine», Popudrenko str., 50, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-1649
N.G. Nikitina State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine», Popudrenko str., 50, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-938X
S.V. Bitkin State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine», Popudrenko str., 50, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-6199
A.P. Bezverkha State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine», Popudrenko str., 50, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-2899

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.4.248215

Ключевые слова:

radiofrequency radiation, mobile base stations, 4G, 5G

Аннотация

This work is part of our researches to study the distribution of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations in populated areas. The aim of this work was to study and analyze the electromagnetic situation before and after the introduction of fourth generation 4G technology at mobile base stations. We analyzed the maximum and average levels of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations located in Cherkasy region. The electromagnetic situation was studied both in urban areas and in rural areas. It was found that after the introduction of the fourth generation 4G technology at the mobile base stations, the levels of electromagnetic radiation in Cherkasy region increased significantly. The median of maximum levels of electromagnetic radiation increased by 155.6% (in particular, in urban areas by 194.1%), and the median of average levels - by 75.2% (in particular, in urban areas by 141.1%). No significant changes in electromagnetic radiation levels were detected before and after the modernization of mobile base stations in rural areas. It has been proven that there are no prerequisites for increasing the maximum permissible level to 100 μW/cm² when implementing 4G and 5G technologies at mobile base stations.

Библиографические ссылки

Antomonov MYu. [Mathematical processing and analysis of medical and biological data. 2nd ed.]. Кyiv: MYCz "Medynform". 2018. р. 579. Russian.

[Order of MH Ukraine from 01.08.1996 N 239. State sanitary norms and rules of protection of the population from influence of electromagnetic radiation]. Kyiv; 1996. Ukrainian. Available from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0488-96#Text

[Order of MH Ukraine from 29.11.2013 N 1040. Method of calculating the distribution of electromagnetic field levels]. Kyiv; 2013. Ukrainian. Available from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z2130-13#Text

Singh K, Nagaraj A, Yousuf A, Ganta S, Pareek S, Vishnani P. Effect of electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone base stations on general health and salivary function. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6:54-9.

doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.175413

Bogers R, van Gils A, Clahsen S, Vercruijsse W, van Kamp I, Baliatsas C et al. Individual variation in temporal relationships between exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and non-specific physical symptoms: A new approach in studying electrosensitivity’. Environment International. 2018;121:297-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.064

National Toxicology Program: NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in B6C3F1/N mice exposed to whole body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (1,900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones. NTP TR 596. 2018 March 26-28.

doi: https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-TR-596

National Toxicology Program: NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Hsd: Sprague Dawley sd rats exposed to whole body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones. NTP TR 595. 2018 March 26-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-TR-595

Falcioni L, Bua L, Tibaldi E, Lauriola M, De Angelis L, Gnudi F, Mandrioli D, Manservigi M, Manservisi F, Manzoli I, et al. Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission. Environ Res. 2018;165:496-503. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.037

Wyde M, Cesta M, Blystone C, Bucher J, Elmore S, Foster P, Hooth M, Kissling G, Malarkey D, Sills R, et al. Report of partial findings from the National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley SD rats (Whole Body Exposures). 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/055699

Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC, de Noronha Andrade MK, O’Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, et al. The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2021 Jan 29;18(3):1229. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031229